肠道微生物在反刍动物健康生产中的作用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,随着各界对微生物功能的关注,人们对肠道微生物的研究也日益增多。在反刍动物的肠道中存在着大量的微生物,它们对宿主的营养代谢、免疫功能等起到了十分重要的作用,是影响机体健康的关键因素之一。肠道微生物受反刍动物的饲粮组成、年龄、基因型等因素的影响,而饲粮组成是影响肠道微生物最主要的因素,若饲粮改变,其中的粗纤维、蛋白质、碳水化合物等营养素均发生改变,肠道微生物也随之发生改变。反刍动物体内存在的有益微生物(如瘤胃球菌、藤黄微球菌、牛肠球菌等)对动物机体有积极的作用,而一些有害菌(如梭菌、苏黎世杆菌等)会破坏反刍动物体内环境的稳态,使机体免疫力、抗病力下降,容易产生疾病,严重影响反刍动物的健康。此外,除了肠道微生物会影响反刍动物机体健康外,益生菌和营养素也对反刍动物机体健康起到调控作用,而一般的措施都是在反刍动物饲粮中添加有益益生菌或营养素饲粮,这样既能补充日常的营养水平,也能防止有害微生物的增生,从而保障反刍动物机体的健康。作者综述了影响反刍动物肠道微生物的因素,以及益生菌和营养素对反刍动物健康生产的作用,旨在为合理调控反刍动物肠道微生物区系及为其健康发展提供理论参考,进而促进畜牧业的发展。

关键词: 肠道微生物; 反刍动物; 益生菌; 营养素

Abstract: In recent years,with the attention paid to the function of microorganisms,people’s research on intestinal microbes is also increasing.In the gut of ruminants,there are a large number of microorganisms,which play a very important role in the host’s nutritional metabolism,immune function,etc.,and are one of the key factors affecting body health.Intestinal microbes is affected by diet composition,age,genotype and other factors of ruminants,and dietary composition is the most important factor affecting intestinal microbes.If the diet changes,the crude fiber,protein,carbohydrate and other nutrients will change,and the intestinal microbes will also change.There are beneficial microorganisms in the body of ruminants,which have a positive effect on the animal body,such as Ruminococcus,Micrococcus luteus,Enterococcus bovis,etc.,while some harmful bacteria (such as Clostridium,Zurichbacterium,etc.) destroy the homeostasis of the internal environment of ruminants,reduce the immunity and disease resistance of the body,and are prone to diseases,which seriously affect the health of ruminants.In addition to intestinal microbes affecting the body health of ruminants,probiotics and nutrients also play a regulatory role in the body health of ruminants,and the general measures are to add beneficial probiotics or nutrient diets to the diets of ruminants,which can not only supplement the daily nutrition level,but also prevent the proliferation of harmful microorganisms,so as to ensure the health of ruminants.The authors review the factors affecting the intestinal microbes of ruminants and the effects of probiotics and nutrients on the healthy production of ruminants,aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the reasonable regulation of the intestinal microbes of ruminants and its healthy development,so as to promote the development of animal husbandry.

Key words: intestinal microbes; ruminants; probiotics; nutrient

中图分类号:

S852.6

唐俊, 贺荔, 王彭辉, 何小龙, 易唤明, 程箫, 任春环, 陈家宏, 王强军, 张子军. 肠道微生物在反刍动物健康生产中的作用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(4): 1466-1479.

TANG Jun, HE Li, WANG Penghui, HE Xiaolong, YI Huanming, CHENG Xiao, REN Chunhuan, CHEN Jiahong, WANG Qiangjun, ZHANG Zijun. Research Progress on the Role of Intestinal Microbes in Healthy Production of Ruminants[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(4): 1466-1479.

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