应激与家禽肠道菌群的互作及其机制

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.06.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在现代集约化养殖过程中,家禽容易产生各种应激反应,如免疫应激、热应激、冷应激、氧化应激和密度应激等。各种应激因素对家禽的生长、免疫力、抗病力以及肉蛋品质等方面产生不利影响。肠道微生物区系在营养交换、免疫系统调节、排除病原体等方面发挥着重要作用。应激与肠道微生物存在着双向的影响机制,应激能够影响肠道菌群的组成和功能,导致肠道菌群失调,从而影响家禽的健康和生产性能。同时,肠道菌群也可以通过微生物-肠-脑轴相互作用影响大脑的功能,从而改变行为和情绪。微生物-肠-脑轴是一种复杂的神经环路,它包括肠道、神经、免疫和内分泌系统之间的相互作用。肠道菌群通过产生代谢产物、调节免疫功能和影响神经传递等方式影响微生物-肠-脑轴的功能。此外,肠道菌群还可以干扰神经递质的代谢,从而对大脑功能产生影响。作者综述了家禽生长过程中面临的几种应激挑战及应激与肠道微生物之间通过微生物-肠-脑轴的双向交流,旨在为生产应用中通过调节肠道菌群来缓解应激提供理论依据。

关键词: 家禽; 应激; 肠道微生物; 微生物-肠-脑轴

Abstract: Poultry grown under intensive breeding conditions are exposed to a variety of challenges,including immune stress,heat stress,cold stress,oxidative stress and density stress.Stress factors have negative impacts on growth performance,immunity,disease resistance,meat and egg quality.The gut microbiota is essential for metabolism of nutrients,regulation of the immune system,and pathogen clearance.There is an interactive relationship between stress and intestinal microbiota.Stress can alter the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota,resulting in gut microbiota dysbiosis,which finally affect the health and performance of poultry.Intestinal microbiota can influence brain function via microbiota-gut-brain axis connections at the same time,so as to change behavior and emotions.The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a complex neural loop in which the gut,nerve,immune system and endocrine systems interact.Gut microbiota mediates the function of the microbiota-gut-brain axis by producing metabolites,regulating immune function and modulating neurotransmission.Furthermore,gut microbiota is able to affect brain function through interfering with the metabolism of neurotransmitters.In order to provide a theoretical foundation for alleviating stress through regulation of the gut microbiota,the author reviewed the effects of several major stresses on the intestinal microbiota of poultry and the bidirectional communication between stress and intestinal microbiome through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Key words: poultry; stress; gut microbes; microbiota-gut-brain axis

中图分类号:

S858.31

胡晓迪, 甄文瑞, 白东英, 仲家乐, 张蕊琳, 张豪杰, 张祎, 马彦博. 应激与家禽肠道菌群的互作及其机制[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(6): 2471-2480.

HU Xiaodi, ZHEN Wenrui, BAI Dongying, ZHONG Jiale, ZHANG Ruilin, ZHANG Haojie, ZHANG Yi, MA Yanbo. Interactions and Their Mechanisms Between Stress and Poultry Intestinal Microbiota[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(6): 2471-2480.

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