低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和脂质代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化与脂质代谢指标的影响，为无豆粕型低蛋白质饲粮在蛋鸭生产中的高效应用提供依据。【方法】选取健康、产蛋率相近的21周龄龙岩山麻鸭80只，随机分为2组，每组4个重复，每重复10只鸭，单笼饲养。对照组鸭饲喂16.5%粗蛋白质(CP)饲粮，低蛋白质组鸭饲喂14.5% CP并补充7种氨基酸的平衡饲粮，试验期12周。记录各重复组每天产蛋数、产蛋重量与采食量，评定试验期产蛋性能。于试验第4、8、12周，从每重复采集6枚鸭蛋，其中4枚测定蛋品质、2枚测定蛋黄与蛋清营养成分及蛋黄脂质代谢指标。第12周，从每重复随机选取2只蛋鸭采集血浆后屠宰，测定蛋鸭繁殖器官、腹脂指数及血浆和肝脏脂质代谢指标。【结果】与对照组相比，低蛋白质组蛋鸭平均日采食量和平均蛋重分别降低10.51%和2.85%(P＜0.05)；产蛋率和日产蛋重无显著差异(P＞0.05)，料蛋比降低7.37%(P＝0.06)；蛋清相对重增加3.24%(P＜0.05)，蛋壳韧性增加9.70%(P＝0.06)；3～6 mm卵泡相对重增加34.23%(P＜0.05)。两组间蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，蛋清与蛋黄粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量、优势卵泡数、肝脏指数和腹脂指数、血清生化指标、肝脏和蛋黄总甘油三酯与总胆固醇含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。【结论】无豆粕型低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮显著降低了蛋鸭平均日采食量和平均蛋重，有降低料蛋比的趋势，对蛋鸭日产蛋重、蛋品质、繁殖器官发育和脂质代谢未产生不利影响。

关键词: 低蛋白质饲粮; 蛋鸭; 产蛋性能; 蛋品质; 脂质代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low-protein amino acid balanced diets on laying performance,egg quality,serum biochemistry and lipid metabolism of laying ducks,providing a basis for the efficient application of low protein diets with soybean meal free in laying duck production.【Method】 Eighty healthy Longyan Shanma ducks of 21-week-old,with comparable laying performance,were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups with 4 replicates of 10 ducks each,and were housed in individual cages.The ducks from control group were fed a 16.5% crude protein (CP) diet,and ducks from the low-protein group were fed a diet with 14.5% CP,which supplemented with seven kinds of amino acids for the balance of essential amino acids.The experimental period was 12 weeks.The daily egg production,egg weight,and feed intake of each replicate was recorded for evaluating the egg production performance during the experimental period.At weeks 4,8,and 12 of the experiment,6 duck eggs were collected from each replicate,of which 4 were measured for egg quality,2 were measured for the contents of nutrient in yolk and albumin,and yolk lipid metabolism indicators.In the 12th week,two ducks were randomly selected from each replicate to collect plasma and slaughtered.The reproductive organs,abdominal fat index,and plasma and liver lipid metabolism indicators of the ducks were measured.【Result】 Compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake and average egg weight decreased by 10.51% and 2.85% (P＜0.05),respectively,egg production rate and daily egg weight were not significantly different (P＞0.05),and the feed-to-egg ratio decreased by 7.37% (P＝0.06),the relative weight of albumin increased by 3.24% (P＜0.05),and the toughness of eggshells increased by 9.70% (P＝0.06),relative weight of 3-6 mm follicles increased by 34.23% (P＜0.05) of the low-protein group.There were no significant differences between the two groups observed in egg shape index,shell strength and thickness,height of albumin,yolk color,Haugh unit,the relative weights of shell and yolk,the contents of crude protein and crude fat in yolk and albumin,number of dominant follicles,the indices of liver and abdominal lipid, serum biochemical indicators,and the contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol in liver and yolk (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 Low protein amino acid balanced diet with soybean meal free significantly reduced the average daily feed intake and average egg weight of laying ducks,with a tendency to reduce the feed-to-egg ratio.But it did not affect the daily egg mass,egg quality,reproductive organ development and lipid metabolism of laying ducks.

Key words: low protein diet; laying duck; egg production performance; egg quality; lipid metabolism

中图分类号:

S834⁺.83

李梦奇, 郑春田, 陈伟, 金成龙, 张亚男, 王爽, 李凯潮, 黄雪冰, 夏伟光, 朱元召. 低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和脂质代谢的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1533-1542.

LI Mengqi, ZHENG Chuntian, CHEN Wei, JIN Chenglong, ZHANG Yanan, WANG Shuang, LI Kaichao, HUANG Xuebing, XIA Weiguang, ZHU Yuanzhao. Effects of Low Protein Amino Acid Balanced Diet on Productive Performance, Egg Quality and Lipid Metabolism in Laying Ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1533-1542.

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