ABCG2基因不同基因型对蛋鸭蛋壳颜色、蛋品质和产蛋性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过鉴定绿壳纯合M11系北京鸭(60周龄) ATP结合盒G亚家族成员2(ABCG2)基因的基因型，探索ABCG2基因不同基因型对蛋壳颜色、胆绿素合成能力、蛋品质和产蛋性能的影响。【方法】试验以60周龄M11系北京鸭作为试验群体，通过双向等位基因特异性PCR (Bi-PASA)技术鉴定ABCG2基因的基因型，并通过Sanger测序验证。于60周龄的第1天开始连续收集5 d蛋后，测定鸭蛋的蛋品质、蛋壳颜色等级、红值(R值)、绿值(G值)、蓝值(B值)以及胆绿素含量；从不同基因型群体中各随机选择10只鸭，采集肝脏和蛋壳腺；测定肝脏和蛋壳腺中胆绿素含量、以及蛋壳腺中胆绿素合成相关基因表达量。【结果】 Bi-PASA基因分型结果与Sanger测序均一致；群体中AA、AG和GG基因型频率分别为68.96%、26.49%和4.55%，存在4.55%的白壳率。AG基因型母鸭所产鸭蛋的蛋形指数显著高于AA基因型，其哈氏单位显著小于AA基因型，蛋重显著高于AA基因型和GG基因型(P＜0.05)。AA和AG基因型母鸭所产鸭蛋的蛋壳颜色等级、胆绿素含量极显著高于GG基因型(P＜0.01)，蛋壳R值和B值显著低于GG基因型(P＜0.05)，但AG和AA基因型间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。AA和AG基因型母鸭肝脏和蛋壳腺中胆绿素含量显著或极显著高于GG基因型(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，蛋壳腺中5'-氨基乙酰丙酸合酶1(ALAS1)、粪卟啉原氧化酶(CPOX)和ABCG2基因表达量显著或极显著高于GG基因型(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，胆绿素还原酶A (BLVRA)基因表达量极显著低于GG基因型(P＜0.01)；但AG和AA基因型均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。【结论】Bi-PASA技术可准确判断ABCG2基因型，ABCG2基因型可以显著影响鸭蛋壳的颜色等级、R值、G值、B值和胆绿素含量，AA和AG基因型母鸭所产鸭蛋均为绿色，GG基因型母鸭所产鸭蛋均为白色，AA和AG基因型母鸭胆绿素合成和转运能力更强，但AA和AG基因型群体母鸭所产鸭蛋中均存在绿色极浅或极深的情况。本研究结果可为培育白羽绿壳蛋鸭品系提供理论依据和实践参考。

关键词: 鸭; 蛋壳颜色; ABCG2基因; 基因型; 胆绿素; 蛋品质; 产蛋性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The genotype of ATP-binding cassette G subfamily member 2 (ABCG2) gene was identified and green-shell homozygous M11 Peking ducks (60-week-old) were screened.The effects of different genotypes of ABCG2 gene on eggshell color,biliverdin synthesis ability,egg quality and laying performance were explored.【Method】 60-week-old M11 Peking ducks were used as the experimental population.The genotype of ABCG2 gene was identified by bidirectional allele-specific PCR (Bi-PASA) technology,and were verified by Sanger sequencing.Starting from the first day of 60 weeks of age,duck eggs were collected continuously for 5 days to measure the egg quality,eggshell color grades,red value (R value),green value (G value),blue value (B value) and biliverdin content.Ten ducks were randomly selected from different genotype populations,and collected their livers and eggshell glands.The biliverdin content in the liver and eggshell glands,as well as the expression of genes related to biliverdin synthesis in the eggshell gland were measured.【Result】 Bi-PASA genotyping results were consistent with Sanger sequencing.The frequencies of AA,AG and GG genotypes in the population were 68.97%,26.49% and 4.55%,respectively,and there was a white shell rate of 4.55%.The egg shape index of duck eggs produced by AG genotype female ducks were significantly higher than those of AA genotype,their Haugh unit was significantly smaller than that of AA genotype,and the egg weight was significantly higher than that of AA and GG genotypes (P＜0.05).The eggshell color grades and biliverdin content of duck eggs produced by AA and AG genotype female ducks were significantly higher than that of GG genotype (P＜0.05),and the R and B values of eggshells were significantly lower than those of GG genotype (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between AG and AA genotypes (P＞0.05).The biliverdin contents of the liver and eggshell glands of AA and AG genotype female ducks were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of GG genotype (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)，the expression levels of 5'-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1),fecal porphyrinogen oxidase (CPOX) and ABCG2 genes in eggshell gland were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in GG genotype (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) and the gene expression level of biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) was extremely significantly lower than that of GG genotype (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between AG and AA genotypes (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 Bi-PASA technology could accurately determine the ABCG2 genotype.The genotype of ABCG2 gene could significantly affect the color grade,R value,G value,B value and biliverdin content of duck egg shells.Duck eggs produced by AA and AG genotype female ducks were all green.The eggs produced by the GG genotype female ducks were all white.The AA and AG genotype female ducks had stronger biliverdin synthesis and transport abilities,but the eggs produced by the AA and AG genotype female ducks all had very light or extremely green eggs.The results provided theoretical basis and practical reference for breeding white-feathered and green-shelled duck strains.

Key words: duck; eggshell color; ABCG2 gene; genotype; biliverdin; egg quality; laying performance

中图分类号:

S834

王珑欣, 于思梦, 鲁美希, 白向星, 侯水生. ABCG2基因不同基因型对蛋鸭蛋壳颜色、蛋品质和产蛋性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1671-1680.

WANG Longxin, YU Simeng, LU Meixi, BAI Xiangxing, HOU Shuisheng. Effects of Different Genotypes of ABCG2 Gene on Eggshell Color, Egg Quality and Laying Performance of Laying Ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1671-1680.

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