饲粮添加非淀粉多糖酶对三层立体笼养肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、养分代谢率及氮排放的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究饲粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对三层立体笼养肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、养分代谢率及氮排放的影响。【方法】试验采用2×3双因子试验设计，设置2个饲粮复合非淀粉多糖酶添加水平(0和500 mg/kg)，3个饲养笼层位(上层、中层和下层，距离地面高度分别为1.8、1.2和0.6 m)。将体重大小一致、健康的21日龄北京鸭840只随机分为6个处理组，每个处理组10个重复，每个重复14只(公母各半)，饲养阶段为21～42日龄。饲养试验结束后，记录42日龄北京鸭(空腹6 h)的体重和采食量，计算22～42日龄试验鸭平均体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比；采集42日龄北京鸭胸肌、腿肌、腹脂并称重，计算胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率；于试验鸭第41、42日龄收集试验肉鸭排泄物，计算营养物质表观代谢率。【结果】 ①随着饲养笼的层位下移，肉鸭42日龄体重、22～42日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著降低(P＜0.05)；饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶可显著降低22～42日龄肉鸭平均日采食量和料重比(P＜0.05)。②饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶和饲养笼层位对肉鸭胸肌、腿肌、腹脂重量和比率均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。③随着饲养笼的层位下移，肉鸭粗蛋白质代谢率极显著降低(P＜0.01)；饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶极显著提高肉鸭能量、粗蛋白质和干物质代谢率(P＜0.01)，且饲粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶和饲养笼层位对肉鸭粗蛋白质代谢率存在显著的互作效应(P＜0.05)。④随着饲养笼的层位下移，肉鸭粗蛋白质和氮摄入量极显著降低(P＜0.01)，氮排出量极显著升高(P＜0.01)；饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶极显著降低肉鸭粗蛋白质摄入量和氮排放量(P＜0.01)。【结论】在肉鸭立体笼养中，饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶可降低育肥期肉鸭采食量和料重比以及提高干物质、能量和粗蛋白质代谢率，降低粗蛋白质摄入量和氮排放量；饲养笼层位显著影响42日龄肉鸭体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和粗蛋白质代谢率、粗蛋白质摄入量、氮摄入量和氮排出量。

关键词: 非淀粉多糖酶; 饲养笼层位; 养分代谢率; 氮排放; 北京鸭

Abstract: 【Objective】 The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes on the growth performance,slaughter performance,nutrient metabolizability,and nitrogen emission of meat ducks reared in three-dimensional cages. 【Method】 A 2×3 factorial experiment was designed,with two levels of dietary NSP enzyme supplementation (0 and 500 mg/kg) and three cage positions (upper,middle,and lower),corresponding to heights of 1.8,1.2,and 0.6 m above the ground.A total of 840 healthy 21-day-old Pekin ducks of similar body weight were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups,with 10 replicates per group and 14 ducks per replicate (equal numbers of males and females).The experimental period lasted from 21 to 42 days of age.After feeding,the body weight and feed intake of 42-day-old Pekin ducks (fasting for 6 h) were recorded,and the average body weight and average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio (F/G) of 21 to 42 days old ducks were calculated.The breast muscle,leg muscle and abdominal fat of 42-day-old Pekin ducks were collected and weighed,and the breast muscle percentage,leg muscle percentage and abdominal fat percentage were calculated.The excreta of the ducks at the 41 and 42 days of age was collected and the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients was calculated. 【Result】 ① As the cage position decreased,the body weight at 42-day-old,average daily gain,and daily feed intake of meat ducks from 22 to 42 days of age were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The average daily feed intake and F/G of meat ducks from 22 to 42 days of age were significantly reduced when NSP enzymes were added to the feed (P＜0.05).② Neither dietary NSP enzyme supplementation nor cage location significantly affected the weight or ratio of breast muscle,leg muscle,and abdominal fat (P＞0.05).③ As the cage location decreased,crude protein metabolizability were extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The metabolizability of energy,crude protein,and dry matter were extremely significantly improved by dietary NSP enzyme supplementation (P＜0.01).There was a significant interaction effect between dietary NSP enzyme supplementation and cage location on crude protein metabolizability (P＜0.05).④ As the cage location decreased,crude protein and nitrogen intake were extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01),while nitrogen excretion was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01).The crude protein intake and nitrogen excretion were extremely significantly reduced by dietary NSP enzyme supplementation (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 In three-dimensional cage rearing of meat ducks,dietary NSP enzymes supplementation could reduce average daily feed intake and F/G,improve apparent metabolizability rate of dry matter,energy and crude protein and reduce crude protein intake and nitrogen emission of meat ducks in the fattening stage.Cage position significantly affected body weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,metabolic rate of crude protein nutrients,crude protein intake,nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion of 42-day-old meat ducks.

Key words: non-starch polysaccharide enzymes; cage location; nutrient metabolizability; nitrogen excretion; Pekin ducks

中图分类号:

S834⁺.81

徐彤, 王宁, 郭艳红, 王岐蒙, 曹俊婷, 吴永保, 周正奎, 闻治国, 侯水生. 饲粮添加非淀粉多糖酶对三层立体笼养肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、养分代谢率及氮排放的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 605-614.

XU Tong, WANG Ning, GUO Yanhong, WANG Qimeng, CAO Junting, WU Yongbao, ZHOU Zhengkui, WEN Zhiguo, HOU Shuisheng. Effects of Dietary Non-starch Polysaccharide Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Nutrient Metabolizability,and Nitrogen Emission in Meat Ducks Reared in Three-dimensional Cages[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 605-614.

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