饲粮中添加超氧化物歧化酶对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化能力和肠道功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究饲粮中添加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化能力和肠道功能的影响，为SOD在畜禽中的应用提供参考。【方法】选用1日龄雄性AA肉鸡300只，随机分为5组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。其中，对照组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮，A、B、C、D组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200、400和800 mg/kg SOD，试验期42 d。每天记录鸡群采食量，试验结束后，每个重复随机选取1只鸡，供水禁食12 h后称重，采集免疫器官、血液、肝脏、肠道样品，测定肉鸡的生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化能力和肠道功能指标。【结果】与对照组相比，①B组1～21日龄肉鸡料重比显著降低(P＜0.05)。②A～D组肉鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数有升高趋势，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；B、C组肉鸡脾脏指数显著升高(P＜0.05)。③A～D组肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量无显著变化(P＞0.05)；B组肉鸡血清中IgG、IgM含量均显著升高(P＜0.05)。④B、C组肉鸡血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、T-SOD活性以及肝脏中T-AOC、T-SOD活性均显著升高(P＜0.05)，血清和肝脏中MDA含量极显著降低(P＜0.01)；B组肉鸡肝脏中GSH-Px和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著升高(P＜0.05)；D组肉鸡血清中MDA含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。⑤B组肉鸡十二指肠、空肠的长度和十二指肠重量均显著增加(P＜0.05)。B、C组肉鸡十二指肠和空肠中胰蛋白酶活性均显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下，在饲粮中添加200 mg/kg SOD可以提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力、免疫力、肠道功能和1～21日龄生长性能。

关键词: 超氧化物歧化酶; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 免疫功能; 抗氧化能力; 肠道功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary superoxide dismutase (SOD) on growth performance,immune performance,antioxidant capacity and intestinal function of broilers,so as to provide reference for the application of SOD in livestock and poultry.【Method】 A total of 300 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate.Broilers in control group were fed the basal diet,and broilers in groups A,B,C and D were fed the basal diet supplemented with 100,200,400 and 800 mg/kg SOD,respectively.The trial period was 42 days.The feed intake of broilers was recorded every day.At the ending of the feeding trial,one broiler was randomly selected from each replicate,and weighed after 12 h of water supply and fasting.The immune organs,blood,liver and intestinal samples were collected to determine the growth performance,immune performance,antioxidant capacity and intestinal function indexes of broilers.【Result】 Compared with control group,①The feed to gain (F/G) of broilers aged 1-21 days in group B was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).②The thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index of broilers in groups A-D showed an increasing trend,but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).The spleen index of broilers in groups B and C was significantly increased (P＜0.05).③There was no significant difference in serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) content of broilers in groups A-D (P＞0.05),but the contents of IgG and IgM in serum of broilers in group B were significantly increased (P＜0.05).④The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum,and T-AOC and SOD activities in liver of broilers in groups B and C were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and liver was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The activities of GSH-Px and catalase (CAT) in liver of broilers in group B were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The MDA content in serum of broilers in group D was significantly increased (P＜0.05).⑤The length of duodenum and jejunum and the weight of duodenum of broilers in group B were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The trypsin activity in duodenum and jejunum of broilers in groups B and C were significantly increased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,adding 200 mg/kg SOD to diet could improve the antioxidant capacity,immunity,intestinal function and 1-21 days old growth performance of broilers.

Key words: superoxide dismutase; broilers; growth performance; immune function; antioxidant capacity; intestinal function

中图分类号:

S816.73

张关锋, 宋先凡, 闫昭明, 杨小进, 郑梦莉, 刘雅婷, 陈清华. 饲粮中添加超氧化物歧化酶对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化能力和肠道功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 1987-1998.

ZHANG Guanfeng, SONG Xianfan, YAN Zhaoming, YANG Xiaojin, ZHENG Mengli, LIU Yating, CHEN Qinghua. Effects of Dietary Superoxide Dismutase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Function of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 1987-1998.

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