基于转录组测序筛选调控黄羽肉鸡肌肉发育的关键基因

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为提高黄羽肉鸡肌肉生长发育，本试验通过转录组测序筛选快速型与慢速型黄羽肉鸡胸肌发育的关键基因，并进行功能分析。【方法】以15周龄太行鸡(慢速型黄羽肉鸡)和新浦东鸡(快速型黄羽肉鸡)为研究对象，测定活体重、胸肌重和腿肌重，计算胸肌指数和腿肌指数；采集胸肌和腿肌组织制作HE染色切片分析组织形态学差异，以胸肌组织作为试验样本进行转录组测序，筛选影响黄羽肉鸡肌肉发育相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)，并随机选取7个DEGs进行实时荧光定量PCR验证。【结果】太行鸡活体重、胸肌重、腿肌重、胸肌指数、腿肌指数均极显著小于新浦东鸡(P＜0.01)。太行鸡胸肌肌纤维横截面积和肌纤维直径极显著或显著小于新浦东鸡(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)，肌纤维密度显著高于新浦东鸡(P＜0.05)，两者腿肌组织形态学无显著差异(P＞0.05)。新浦东鸡与太行鸡胸肌中共获得332个DEGs，其中上调基因75个，下调基因257个。GO功能富集分析发现，DEGs主要注释到平滑肌细胞迁移的正向调节、含胶原蛋白的细胞外基质、黏连蛋白结合等条目。KEGG通路富集分析发现，DEGs主要富集于黏着、ECM-受体的相互作用、MAPK信号通路等。综合GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析共筛选出THBL1、ENSGALG0000000814、LAMA1、PDGFRB基因与胸肌发育密切相关。随机选取7个DEGs进行实时荧光定量PCR验证，结果与转录组测序表达趋势一致，说明测序结果可靠。【结论】试验筛选出THBL1、ENSGALG0000000814、LAMA1和PDGFRB作为胸肌发育重要候选基因，为进一步解析黄羽肉鸡肌肉发育奠定了基础。

关键词: 黄羽肉鸡; 胸肌; 生长发育; 转录组; 差异表达基因

Abstract: 【Objective】 To improve the muscle development of Yellow-feathered chickens,RNA-Seq was used to identify key genes involved in the development of the breast muscle in fast-growing and slow-growing Yellow-feathered chickens followed by functional analysis. 【Method】 The live weight,breast muscle weight and leg muscle weight of 15-week-old Taihang chickens (slow Yellow-feathered chickens) and New Pudong chickens (fast Yellow-feathered chickens) were measured.Additionally,the breast muscle index and leg muscle index were calculated.HE stained sections were made for breast muscle and leg muscle tissues of Taihang and New Pudong chickens to analyze the histomorphological differences between two breeds.The breast muscle tissues of Taihang and New Pudong chickens were utilized as test samples for RNA-Seq to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the muscle development of Yellow-feathered chickens,and 7 DEGs were randomly selected for Real-time quantitative PCR verification.【Result】 The live weight,breast muscle weight,leg muscle weight,breast muscle index and leg muscle index of Taihang chickens were extremely significantly lower than those of New Pudong chickens (P＜0.01).The muscle fiber cross sectional area and muscle fiber diameter of breast muscle in Taihang chickens were extremely significantly or significantly lower than those in New Pudong chickens (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and its muscle fiber density was significantly higher than that in New Pudong chickens (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the histomorphology of leg muscle between Taihang and New Pudong chickens (P＞0.05).A total of 332 DEGs in breast muscle between Taihang and New Pudong chickens were obtained,including 75 up-regulated genes and 257 down-regulated genes.GO function enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration,collagen-containing extracellular matrix and laminin binding.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in focal adhesion,ECM-receptor interaction and MAPK signaling pathway.Through GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,THBL1,ENSGALG0000000814,LAMA1 and PDGFRB genes were closely related to breast muscle development.Real-time quantitative PCR results of 7 DEGs randomly selected were consistent with the expression trend of RNA-Seq,indicating that the sequencing results were reliable.【Conclusion】 THBL1,ENSGALG0000000814,LAMA1 and PDGFRB were selected as important candidate genes for breast muscle development,which laid a foundation for further analysis of muscle development of Yellow-feathered chickens.

Key words: Yellow-feathered chickens; breast muscle; growth and development; transcriptome; differentially expressed genes

中图分类号:

S831.2

武敏, 徐俊杰, 李欣欣, 陈一凡, 王德贺, 郝二英, 陈辉, 石雷. 基于转录组测序筛选调控黄羽肉鸡肌肉发育的关键基因[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 990-1000.

WU Min, XU Junjie, LI Xinxin, CHEN Yifan, WANG Dehe, HAO Erying, CHEN Hui, SHI Lei. Screening of Key Genes Regulating Muscle Development in Yellow-feathered Chickens Based on RNA-Seq[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 990-1000.

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