贵州隐性白羽鸡生长发育、肉用性能及其相关性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为研究贵州隐性白羽鸡生长发育规律及其肉用性能。【方法】试验在贵州大学科研鸡场进行，选择140只贵州隐性白羽鸡(公母各半)，分别在0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18周龄时固定时间空腹测量体重，并采用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy 3种非线性模型对贵州隐性白羽鸡0～18周龄体重变化进行生长曲线拟合分析；18周龄时，随机选择40只贵州隐性白羽鸡(公母各半)测定体尺性状、屠宰性能和肉品质性状，对公、母鸡的这些指标进行差异分析和皮尔逊相关性分析。【结果】贵州隐性白羽公鸡和母鸡0～18周龄生长发育规律均是Von Bertalanffy模型拟合效果最好，拟合度均为0.998，公鸡拐点周龄为7.75周，拐点体重为760.58 g，母鸡拐点周龄为6.64周，拐点体重为520.20 g。公鸡的体尺指标均极显著大于母鸡(P＜0.01)；公鸡体重与体斜长、胸宽、髋骨宽存在极显著或显著正相关(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)；母鸡体重与体斜长、胫围、胫长存在显著或极显著正相关(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)。在屠宰性能方面，贵州隐性白羽鸡屠宰率在84.17%～85.81%，全净膛率在60.76%～62.79%，胸肌率在11.09%～12.47%，腿肌率在18.45%～19.30%；其中公鸡的腿肌率与腿肌重存在极显著正相关(P＜0.01)；母鸡胸肌率与胸肌重、全净膛率存在极显著或显著正相关(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)，其腿肌率与腿肌重存在显著正相关(P＜0.05)。在肉品质方面，胸肌和腿肌pH为6.2～6.4，胸肌剪切力为18～19 N，腿肌剪切力为27～33 N，胸、腿肌的失水率为17%～20%；胸肌pH与腿肌pH存在极显著正相关(P＜0.01)，腿肌熟肉率与胸肌剪切力、腿肌失水率存在显著或极显著正相关性(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)。【结论】本研究通过Von Bertalanffy模型揭示了贵州隐性白羽鸡0～18周龄的生长发育规律及各阶段体重增长的趋势，并且发现了贵州隐性白羽鸡肉用性能良好，为贵州隐性白羽鸡后续的饲养管理、选种选育和创新利用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 贵州隐性白羽鸡; 生长曲线; 屠宰性能; 肉品质; 相关性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to study the growth and development patterns as well as the meat performance of Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens.【Method】 The experiment was conducted at the scientific research chicken farm of Guizhou University.A total of 140 Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens (equally divided by sex) were selected,and their body weight was measured at fasting intervals at fixed times at 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,and 18 weeks of age,respectively.The growth curve of the chickens’ body weight from 0 to 18 weeks was fitted using the Logistic,Gompertz,and Von Bertalanffy models. At 18 weeks of age,40 Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens (equally divided by sex) were randomly selected,and their body size traits,slaughter performance and meat quality traits were measured. Difference analysis and Pilson correlation analysis were performed for these indexes in roosters and hens.【Result】 The growth and development of Guizhou Recessive White-feather roosters and hens from 0 to 18 weeks of age were best modeled by the Von Bertalanffy equation,with a high goodness-of-fit (0.998).The growth inflection point for roosters was observed at 7.75 weeks,with a body weight of 760.58 g,while for hens,it was reached at 6.64 weeks with a body weight of 520.20 g.All body size indexes of the roosters were found to be significantly larger than those of the hens (P＜0.01).There was a extremely significant or significant positive correlation between body weight and body slant length,breast width, hip width in roosters (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between body weight and body slant length,tibia length, breast circumference in hens (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).In terms of slaughter performance,the slaughter rate of Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens was found to range from 84.17% to 85.81%.The evisceration rate ranged from 60.76% to 62.79%,the breast muscle rate from 11.09% to 12.47%,and the leg muscle rate from 18.45% to 19.30%.In roosters,there was a extremely significant positive correlation between hamstring rate and hamstring weight (P＜0.01).In hens,there was a extremely significant or significant positive correlation between pectoral rate and pectoral weight,full clearbore rate (P<0.01 or P<0.05),and their hamstring rate was significantly positively correlated with hamstring weight (P＜0.05).Regarding meat quality,the pH values of the breast and leg muscles ranged from 6.2 to 6.4.The shear force of the breast muscle was recorded between 18 and 19 N,while the leg muscle shear force ranged from 27 to 33 N.Additionally,the water loss rate of the breast and leg muscles ranged from 17% to 20%.There was a extremely significant positive correlation between pectoral muscle pH and hamstring muscle pH (P＜0.01),and a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between hamstring muscle cook rate and pectoral muscle shear,hamstring muscle water loss (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).【Conclusion】 This study revealed the growth and development pattern of Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens from 0 to 18 weeks of age and the trend of body weight growth at each stage through the Von Bertalanffy model,and found that Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens had good meat production performance,which provided a scientific basis for the subsequent rearing management,breeding selection and the development and utilization of Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens.

Key words: Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens; growth curve; slaughter performance; meat quality; correlation

中图分类号:

S831.2

田应平, 杜云, 蒋耀洲, 刘沁松, 周晓红, 吴胜, 赵旭东, 张福平. 贵州隐性白羽鸡生长发育、肉用性能及其相关性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 2208-2218.

TIAN Yingping, DU Yun, JIANG Yaozhou, LIU Qinsong, ZHOU Xiaohong, WU Sheng, ZHAO Xudong, ZHANG Fuping. Study on the Growth and Development,Meat Performance and Their Correlation Analysis of Guizhou Recessive White-feather Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2208-2218.

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