羊用布鲁氏菌病疫苗研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.09.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人兽共患病，在全球广泛流行，造成了严重的经济损失并威胁公共卫生安全。中国是布病严重流行的国家之一，在高流行地区实施疫苗免疫接种是预防布病传播的有效策略之一。中国流行菌株主要为羊种布鲁氏菌，患病羊是造成布鲁氏菌传播的主要传染源。目前中国可用于预防羊布病的疫苗有羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1株、羊种布鲁氏菌M5/M5-90株、猪种布鲁氏菌S2株等常规弱毒疫苗，以及新批准的羊种布鲁氏菌M5-90Δ26株、BA0711株等基因缺失活疫苗。虽然可用于预防羊布病的疫苗种类众多，但现有疫苗仍存在两点不足，一是安全性不够，注射免疫怀孕动物会引起流产；二是疫苗株与野毒株同为光滑型，免疫后干扰临床诊断。因此，研制安全性高且不干扰临床诊断的布病疫苗仍十分迫切。笔者对羊用布病疫苗的应用及新型疫苗的研究现状作一综述。

关键词: 人兽共患病; 羊布鲁氏菌病; 疫苗

Abstract: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which is widely prevalent worldwide, causing serious economic losses and threatening public health safety. China is one of the countries with severe outbreaks of brucellosis.Implementing vaccination in high prevalence areas is one of the effective strategies to prevent the spread of brucellosis.Currently, the main prevalent strain in China is Brucella melitensis, and the infected sheep/goat are the main sources of infection for Brucella.At present, vaccines available in China for the prevention of sheep/goat brucellosis include conventional attenuated vaccines such as Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1, Brucella melitensis strain M5/M5-90 and Brucella suis strain S2, as well as newly approved Brucella melitensis strains M5-90Δ26 and BA0711.Although there are many types of vaccines that can be used to prevent sheep/goat brucellosis, existing vaccines have two obvious shortcomings.Firstly, their safety is insufficient, and immunization of pregnant animals can cause miscarriage, and the vaccine strain and the wild strain are both smooth, which interferes with clinical diagnosis after immunization.Therefore, it is still urgent to develop a highly safe and non-invasive brucellosis vaccine.This paper provides a review of the application of sheep/goat brucellosis vaccines and the research status of new vaccines.

Key words: zoonosis; brucellosis of sheep/goat; vaccine

中图分类号:

S855.1⁺2

邱东旭, 吕浪, 皮向成, 冯宇, 蒋卉, 陈祥, 丁家波. 羊用布鲁氏菌病疫苗研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(9): 4043-4051.

QIU Dongxu, LYU Lang, PI Xiangcheng, FENG Yu, JIANG Hui, CHEN Xiang, DING Jiabo. Research Progress on Brucellosis Vaccine for Sheep and Goat[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(9): 4043-4051.

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