贾第虫包囊壁形成及囊壁蛋白研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.05.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 十二指肠贾第虫(又称肠贾第虫或蓝氏贾第虫)是一种常见的人兽共患寄生性原虫,寄生于人、家畜和犬猫等多种哺乳动物的小肠,由其导致的贾第虫病被世界卫生组织列为危害人类健康但被忽视的疾病之一。贾第虫生活史简单,由具有致病性滋养体和感染性包囊两个时期组成。在不良环境(胆固醇缺乏、碱性pH和高浓度胆汁条件等)刺激下,贾第虫滋养体会分化形成感染性包囊。形成包囊对贾第虫的生存、病原传播和致病至关重要。贾第虫感染往往是由于宿主吞食了感染性包囊污染的食物和饮水所致。包囊壁是贾第虫包囊抵抗外界不良环境、维持其生存能力和感染活性的重要屏障。包囊壁约40%由蛋白质组成,其余为N-乙酰半乳糖胺等碳水化合物和脂类等。贾第虫包囊壁主要含3种囊壁蛋白(cyst wall protein,CWP):CWP1、CWP2和CWP3。囊壁蛋白不仅在维持包囊活力方面发挥重要作用,且在贾第虫病诊断、口服疫苗开发等方面具有重要价值。笔者综述了贾第虫包囊壁的组成和形成、包囊成囊的诱导及调节、囊壁蛋白在疾病诊断和疫苗方面的研究,以期为后续相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 十二指肠贾第虫; 囊壁蛋白; 诊断; 口服疫苗

Abstract: Giardia duodenalis (G.duodenalis) is a common zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects the small intestines of humans,livestock,dogs,cats and other mammals.Giardiasis which caused by G.duodenalis has been noted as one of the neglected diseases endangering human health by the World Health Organization.The intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia has a simple life cycle consisting of disease causing trophozoites and infectious cysts.Giardia trophozoites differentiate into infectious cysts in response to hostile environment (either low cholesterol conditions or alkaline pH and high bile conditions). Encystment is crucial for Giardia’s survival,transmission and pathogenesis.Giardiasis is often caused by the host ingestion of infectious cysts-contaminated food and water.The cyst wall is an important shield for Giardia cysts to resist adverse external environment,maintain their viability and infective activity.About 40% of the encapsulated wall is composed of proteins and the rest is carbohydrates such as N-acetylgalactosamine and lipids.It is shown that the cyst wall of Giardia mainly contains three cyst wall proteins (CWP1,CWP2 and CWP3).Cyst wall proteins not only play an important role in maintaining the viability of the cyst,but also has important value in the diagnosis of giardiosis and the development of oral vaccine.This review mainly introduced the composition and formation of Giardia cyst wall,the induction and regulation of encystation,and the research advances on cyst wall proteins in disease diagnosis and vaccines development,in order to provide reference for the follow-up related research.

Key words: Giardia duodenalis; cyst wall protein; diagnosis; oral vaccine

中图分类号:

S852.7

余新刚, 袁凯健, 穆宣儒, 王红彩, 戚南山, 张浩吉. 贾第虫包囊壁形成及囊壁蛋白研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(5): 2061-2068.

YU Xingang, YUAN Kaijian, MU Xuanru, WANG Hongcai, QI Nanshan, ZHANG Haoji. Research Progress on the Formation of Cyst Wall and Cyst Wall Proteins of Giardia[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(5): 2061-2068.

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