病毒性动物疫病诊断技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.01.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动物疫病的大暴发不仅严重影响畜牧业的生产与发展，造成巨大经济损失，而且会严重危害人类健康。病毒性疫病的增加使得动物疫病更加复杂，流行趋势更加严峻。灵敏、特异、快速地诊断动物疫病是实施疫病防控措施的关键环节。基于PCR技术及等温扩增技术的分子生物学诊断解决了传统病原学诊断费时费力、免疫血清学存在的窗口期等问题并摆脱了对高精度温控设备的依赖，成为目前常用的病原体筛查方法。但大多数检测方法一次只能检测到一个或几个病原体，且复杂的试验流程及对设施的高要求降低了立即干预突发疫情的能力，同时无法满足某些检测分析需求。近年来，学科间相互渗透融合的高通量诊断技术发展迅速，具有同时监测、检测和表征成百上千个靶点的能力，能满足在多种环境下的病原体快速检测的需求，是生命科学发展过程中一种重要的生物学检测手段。笔者从病原学、免疫血清学、分子生物学及高通量诊断等方面对主要的病毒性动物疫病检测技术进行了综述，展望未来动物疫病诊断检测技术的发展，以期为动物疫病快速诊断提供更多的方案思路，提升动物疫病的防控能力。

关键词: 病毒; 动物疫病; 诊断技术

Abstract: The outbreak of animal epidemic diseases not only seriously affects the production and development of animal husbandry, causing economic losses, but also seriously endangers human health. The increase of viral diseases makes animal diseases more complex and the epidemic trend more severe. Sensitive, specific, rapid diagnosis of animal epidemic diseases is the key link to implement disease prevention and control measures. Molecular biological diagnosis based on PCR technology and isothermal amplification technology has become a commonly used pathogen screening method, because it solves the problems of traditional pathogen diagnosis, such as time-consuming and laborious, window period of immune serology, and gets rid of the dependence on high-precision temperature control equipment. However, most detection methods can only detect one or several pathogens at one time, and the complex test process and high requirements for facilities reduce the ability of immediate intervention in the outbreak, and cannot meet some detection and analysis needs. In recent years, interdisciplinary high-throughput diagnostic technology has developed rapidly. It can monitor, detect and characterize hundreds of targets at the same time, which is suitable for the rapid detection of pathogens in various environments. It is an important biological detection method in the development of life science. In this review, we summarized several major viral animal disease detection methods including etiology, immune serology, molecular biology, and high-throughput diagnosis. Looking forward to the development of animal disease diagnosis and detection technology in the future, and these methods provide more capability for the rapid diagnosis of animal diseases and improve the prevention and control ability of animal diseases.

Key words: virus; animal epidemic diseases; diagnosis technologies

中图分类号:

S855.3

杨旭琼, 杨金易, 王弘. 病毒性动物疫病诊断技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(1): 294-306.

YANG Xuqiong, YANG Jinyi, WANG Hong. Advances in Diagnosis Technologies of Viral Animal Epidemic Diseases[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(1): 294-306.

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