非洲猪瘟诊断方法研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.05.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 非洲猪瘟(African swine fever，ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus，ASFV)引起的猪的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病，急性病例的发病率和死亡率几乎达100%。世界动物卫生组织将ASF列为法定报告动物疫病，中国将其列为一类动物疫病。当前中国ASF疫情防控形势十分严峻，且尚无有效的疫苗及其他防治制剂，因此执行严格的卫生措施及监测病原和抗体，进而排查和清除带毒动物是ASF防控的重要措施。笔者就ASFV诊断标识出发，总结了近年来ASF病原检测与血清学监测技术的最新研究进展。抗原检测方面，在PCR基础上发展的多种等温扩增技术如重组酶聚合酶扩增技术、交叉引物扩增技术、环介导等温扩增技术及微滴数字PCR从不同方面克服了常规PCR的缺陷，实时荧光定量PCR检测方法具有速度快、准确、结果客观和可定量基因组含量等优点，新型CRISPR/Cas12a技术无需昂贵的仪器，可为ASFV的检测提供一种更加便携、简单、灵敏和特异性强的新型替代方法;抗体检测方面，基于酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫层析技术和间接免疫荧光试验等的检测方法灵敏度和特异性也有不同程度的提高。

关键词: 非洲猪瘟(ASF); 诊断方法; 抗原; 血清学

Abstract: African swine fever (ASF) is an acute,febrile and highly contagious infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV).Both morbidity and mortality rate of acute cases are almost 100%.ASF is recognized as a statutory report animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and listed as class Ⅰ animal disease in China.At present,the situation of ASF epidemic prevention and control in China is very serious,and there is no effective vaccine and preventive and therapeutic agents for ASF.Therefore,strict sanitation and removal of infected animals through monitoring pathogen and antibody are important measures for control of ASF.In this paper,we summarized the recent progress in development of detection and serological monitoring methods for ASF built on its specific diagnostic marker.In etiological diagnosis,isothermal amplification techniques developed on the basis of PCR,such as recombinase polymerase amplification,crossing-priming amplification,loop-mediated isothermal amplification and dropletdigital PCR,overcome the defects of conventional PCR in different aspects.Real-time quantitative PCR provides fast,accurate,objective and quantitative results.The new CRISPR/Cas12a technology does not require an expensive instrument and offers a new,more portable,simple,sensitive and specific alternative to ASFV detection.On serological diagnosis,based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),immunochromatography and indirect immunofluorescence assay have also improved sensitivity and specificity.

Key words: African swine fever (ASF); diagnostic method; antigen; serology

中图分类号:

S852.65^＋1

程晶, 刘文晓, 王晓玥, 王丽萍, 江波, 李永清. 非洲猪瘟诊断方法研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(5): 1985-1993.

CHENG Jing, LIU Wenxiao, WANG Xiaoyue, WANG Liping, JIANG Bo, LI Yongqing. Research Progress on Development of Diagnostic Methods of African Swine Fever[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(5): 1985-1993.

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