犬瘙痒性皮肤病研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.03.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 瘙痒是犬皮肤病的典型临床症状之一，通常除瘙痒外还常伴脱毛、红斑等皮肤症状。瘙痒问题不仅困扰动物本身，也影响到饲养者的生活质量。瘙痒的发生机制复杂，目前国内外已有大量对人和犬瘙痒性皮肤病的临床和基础研究，揭示了瘙痒和神经免疫系统之间的关系，引入了"瘙痒-抓挠"循环的概念，且表明了免疫系统、皮肤屏障和神经系统的单独促进作用和交互作用是瘙痒产生的关键因素，任一环节的问题都可开启"瘙痒-抓挠"的恶性循环。临床上引起犬瘙痒的病因复杂，参照2007年由国际瘙痒研究论坛成员提出的瘙痒分类，将引起犬瘙痒的疾病根据病因类比对应分为了六大类，引起皮肤病性瘙痒的疾病分为了感染性、过敏性、肿瘤性等，其中在临床上最主要的是犬过敏性瘙痒。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的诊断方法及鉴别诊断多样，需从多方面对患病犬进行信息收集，按一定顺序进行排查和鉴别诊断。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗周期长且疾病易反复，目前常用的西医药物存在副作用大、靶点单一、价格昂贵等不足，中药方剂成分复杂，有效成分多，可从多通路多途径治疗机制复杂的瘙痒，在犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗上具有优势和广阔前景。文章对瘙痒发生的机制、犬瘙痒性疾病的分类、诊断及中西医治疗思路等最新研究进展进行综述，以期为小动物临床瘙痒相关疾病的诊治提供参考依据。

关键词: 犬; 瘙痒症; 机制; 分类; 诊断

Abstract: Pruritus is one of the typical clinical symptoms of dermatosis in canine, which is usually accompanied by other skin symptoms such as alopecia and erythema.The pruritus not only troubles the animal itself, but also affects the life quality of the pet-owner.The mechanism of itching is complex.At present, there have been a large number of clinical and basic researches on pruritus diseases in humans and dogs at home and abroad, revealing the relationship between pruritus and the neuroimmune system, and introducing the concept of "pruritus-scratching" cycle, and indicating that the independent effects of the immune system, the skin barrier and the nervous system and the interaction between them are the key factors in pruritus, and any problem in them can start the "pruritus-scratching" cycle.The clinical etiology of pruritic skin diseases in canine is complex.Refering to the the classification of pruritus which was proposed by International Forum for the Study of Itch in 2007, the diseases that cause pruritus are divided into six categories correspondingly according to the etiology, and the diseases which can cause dermatologic pruritus are divided infectious diseases, allergic diseases, neoplastic diseases, and the most important in clinic is canine allergic pruritus.The diagnostic methods and differential diagnosis of canine pruritic skin diseases are diverse, and the information collected from various aspects of the sick dogs are needed.The differential diagnosis are carried out step by step in a certain sequence.There are still problems in the treatment of canine pruritic skin diseases, such as long treatment cycles and easy recurrence of the disease.At present, the commonly used western medicine drugs have disadvantages such as large side effects, single target and high price, and the Chinese medicine prescription which has complex components has many effective components, so it can treat pruritus with complex mechanism through multiple channels and multiple approaches, which has advantages and broad prospects in the treatment of canine pruritic skin disease.This article reviewed the latest pruritus mechanism, classification and diagnosis of canine pruritic skin diseases, and Chinese and Western medicine treatment ideas, so as to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical pruritus-related diseases in small animals.

Key words: canine; pruritus; mechanism; classification; diagnosis

中图分类号:

S858.292

明月香, 王维新, 杨晓愉, 张迪, 林珈好. 犬瘙痒性皮肤病研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(3): 1189-1199.

MING Yuexiang, WANG Weixin, YANG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Di, LIN Jiahao. Research Progress on Canine Pruritic Skin Diseases[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(3): 1189-1199.

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