枯草芽孢杆菌的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.04.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 枯草芽孢杆菌是一类可形成芽孢的具有多种生理功能且对动物机体无毒副作用的理想益生菌。在饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌具有调节畜禽肠道功能、平衡微生物区系,提高免疫力和促生长等作用。枯草芽孢杆菌还可以作为饲料发酵菌种,经发酵后的饲料会降低抗营养因子的含量,提高营养物质的含量,从而促进畜禽对饲料养分的消化和吸收。枯草芽孢杆菌内生芽孢的特性,可以保证其在饲料生产和畜禽内环境条件下的功能稳定性以及作为疫苗表达载体的独特优势。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌在畜禽生产中具有十分广阔的应用前景。作者综述了枯草芽孢杆菌的生物学特性、生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用,以期为枯草芽孢杆菌在畜禽生产中的应用提供一定的参考。

关键词: 枯草芽孢杆菌; 肠道菌群; 发酵菌种; 疫苗表达载体

Abstract: Bacillus subtilis is an ideal probiotic species that can form spores with a variety of physiological functions and is non-toxic and has no side effects on animal organisms.Adding Bacillus subtilis to feed can regulate intestinal function,balance microbial flora,enhance immunity,and promote growth.Bacillus subtilis can also be used as a feed fermentation strain.The fermented feed will reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors and increase the content of nutrients,thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of feed nutrients by livestock and poultry.The characteristics of Bacillus subtilis endophytic spores can ensure its functional stability in feed production and livestock and poultry internal environment and its unique advantages as a vaccine expression vector.Therefore,Bacillus subtilis has a very broad application prospect in livestock and poultry production.The authors reviews the biological characteristics,physiological functions,and application of Bacillus subtilis in livestock and poultry production,in order to provide some reference for the application of Bacillus subtilis in livestock and poultry production.

Key words: Bacillus subtilis; intestinal microbiota; fermentation strain; vaccine expression vector

中图分类号:

S816.3

张关锋, 杨泰, 宋先凡, 徐伟伟, 阳治康, 陈清华. 枯草芽孢杆菌的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(4): 1511-1519.

ZHANG Guanfeng, YANG Tai, SONG Xianfan, XU Weiwei, YANG Zhikang, CHEN Qinghua. Physiological Functions of Bacillus subtilis and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(4): 1511-1519.

参考文献

[1] 杨敏敏,车育彦,王睿,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对脂多糖应激肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫性能和血清抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(4):2347-2360. YANG M M,CHE Y Y,WANG R,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance,immune performance,and serum antioxidant performance of broilers under lipopolysaccharide stress[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(4):2347-2360.(in Chinese)
[2] 王苇,秦瑶,李爽,等.枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(11):217-220. WANG W,QIN Y,LI S,et al.Research progress on probiotics of Bacillus subtilis[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(11):217-220.(in Chinese)
[3] SU Y,LIU C,FANG H,et al.Bacillus subtilis:A universal cell factory for industry,agriculture,biomaterials and medicine[J].Microbial Cell Factories,2020,19(1):1-12.
[4] NEVELING D P,DICKS L M T.Probiotics:An antibiotic replacement strategy for healthy broilers and productive rearing[J].Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2021,13:1-11.
[5] LIN P,YUAN H,DU J,et al.Progress in research and application development of surface display technology using Bacillus subtilis spores[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2020,104:2319-2331.
[6] QIN Y,ANGELINI L L,CHAI Y.Bacillus subtilis cell differentiation,biofilm formation and environmental prevalence[J].Microorganisms,2022,10(6):1108.
[7] RILEY E P,SCHWARZ C,DERMAN A I,et al.Milestones in Bacillus subtilis sporulation research[J].Microbial Cell,2021,8(1):1-16.
[8] MILOJEVIC T,WECKWERTH W.Molecular mechanisms of microbial survivability in outer space:A systems biology approach[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2020,11:923.
[9] WU L,TANG Z,CHEN H,et al.Mutual interaction between gut microbiota and protein/amino acid metabolism for host mucosal immunity and health[J].Animal Nutrition,2021,7(1):11-16.
[10] GAO Y,WEI W,TIAN F,et al.Corn straw total mix dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis-enhanced growth performance of lambs by favorably modulating rumen bacterial microbiome[J].Fermentation,2023,9(1):32.
[11] WANG Y,XU Y,CAO G,et al.Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 attenuates Clostridium perfringens-induced intestinal damage of broilers by modulating intestinal microbiota and the metabolome[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2023,14:1138903.
[12] JI L,ZHANG L,LIU H,et al.Bacillus subtilis M6 improves intestinal barrier,antioxidant capacity and gut microbial composition in AA broiler[J].Frontiers in Nutrition,2022,9:965310.
[13] MA Y,WANG W,ZHANG H,et al.Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 manipulates intestinal structure and microbial composition in broiler chickens[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):15358.
[14] KNAP I,KEHLET A B,BENNEDSEN M,et al.Bacillus subtilis (DSM17299) significantly reduces Salmonella in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(8):1690-1694.
[15] LA RAGIONE R M,WOODWARD M J.Competitive exclusion by Bacillus subtilis spores of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens in young chickens[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2003,94(3):245-256.
[16] CHOI P,RHAYAT L,PINLOCHE E,et al.Bacillus subtilis 29784 as a feed additive for broilers shifts the intestinal microbial composition and supports the production of hypoxanthine and nicotinic acid[J].Animals,2021,11(5):1335.
[17] XING Y,WANG S,FAN J,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with lysine-yielding Bacillus subtilis on gut morphology,cecal microflora and intestinal immune response of Linwu ducks[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(7):3449-3457.
[18] 杨凤娟,王春林,伍少钦,等.仔猪肠道健康的营养调控技术及其应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(18):54-61. YANG F J,WANG C L,WU S Q,et al.Nutritional regulation techniques and their applications in piglet intestinal health[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(18):54-61.(in Chinese)
[19] JÚNIOR D T V,DE AMORIM RODRIGUES G,SOARES M H,et al.Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improves performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs fed diets containing different fiber sources[J].Livestock Science,2023,270:105202.
[20] ZHANG Q,LI J,WANG G,et al.The replacement of bacitracin methylene disalicylate with Bacillus subtilis PB6 in the diet of male Cherry Valley ducks reduces the feed conversion ratio by improving intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota[J].Poultry Science,2022,101(11):102155.
[21] AL-SERAIH A A,ALSEREAH B A,ALWAELY W A,et al.Effect of Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic on the productive and physiological performance of broilers[J].Archives of Razi Institute,2022,77(5):1647-1653.
[22] CHICHLOWSKI M,CROOM J,MCBRIDE B W,et al.Metabolic and physiological impact of probiotics or direct-fed-microbials on poultry:A brief review of current knowledge[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2007,6(10):694-704.
[23] BI H,ZHAO H,LU F,et al.Improvement of the nutritional quality and fibrinolytic enzyme activity of soybean meal by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis[J].Journal of Food Processing and Preservation,2015,39(6):1235-1242.
[24] LI J,GAO T,HAO Z,et al.Anaerobic solid-state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis for digesting free gossypol and improving nutritional quality in cottonseed meal[J].Frontiers in Nutrition,2022,9:1017637.
[25] SUN R Y,MU H H,SUN M B,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto JLCC513 on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in obese rats[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2022,133(6):3634-3644.
[26] JAVAID A,YOUNAS F,ULLAH I,et al.Impact of an indigenously produced multi-enzyme complex from Bacillus subtilis KT004404 on growth and blood parameters in broiler chicken[J].PLoS One,2022,17(7):e0271445.
[27] HOUDA H,LOBNA D,MOUNA J,et al.A Bacillus subtilis strain as probiotic in poultry:Selection based on in vitro functional properties and enzymatic potentialities[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology Biotechnology,2017,44(8):1157-1166.
[28] 朱沛霁.枯草芽孢杆菌对雪山鸡生产性能、肠道健康和免疫机能的影响及机制[D].扬州:扬州大学,2017. ZHU P J.Effects and mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis on production performance,intestinal health,and immune function of Snow Mountain chickens[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2017.(in Chinese)
[29] KHALIFA A,IBRAHIM H I M,SHEIKH A.Bacillus subtilis PM5 from camel milk boosts chicken immunity and Abrogates Salmonella Entertitidis infections[J].Microorganisms,2023,11(7):1719.
[30] LIU X,PENG C,QU X,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on production,hatching performance,egg quality,serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2019,103(1):182-190.
[31] 孙晓.枯草芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡免疫力和生长性能的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2022. SUN X.The effect of Bacillus subtilis on the immunity and growth performance of White feather broilers[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2022.(in Chinese)
[32] FATHI M,AL-HOMIDAN I,AL-DOKHAIL A,et al.Effects of dietary probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation on productive performance,immune response and egg quality characteristics in laying hens under high ambient temperature[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2018,17(3):804-814.
[33] RAJPUT I R,LI L Y,XIN X,et al.Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 on intestinal ultrastructure modulation and mucosal immunity development mechanism in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(4):956-965.
[34] SELVAM R,MAHESWARI P,KAVITHA P,et al.Effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6,a natural probiotic on colon mucosal inflammation and plasma cytokines levels in inflammatory bowel disease[J].Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysic,2009,46(1):79-85.
[35] LI Y,ZHANG H,CHEN Y P,et al.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation alleviates immunological stress in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers at early age[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(7):1504-1511.
[36] GUO X,LI D,LU W,et al.Screening of Bacillus strains as potential probiotics and subsequent confirmation of the in vivo effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis MA139 in pigs[J].Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2006,90:139-146.
[37] ASAI T,OTAGIRI Y,OSUMI T,et al.Isolation of Salmonella from diarrheic feces of pigs[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2002,64(2):159-160.
[38] FAIRBROTHER J M,NADEAU É,GYLES C L.Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs:An update on bacterial types,pathogenesis,and prevention strategies[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2005,6(1):17-39.
[39] PARK J H,KIM I H.Supplemental effect of probiotic Bacillus subtilis B2A on productivity,organ weight,intestinal Salmonella microflora,and breast meat quality of growing broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(8):2054-2059.
[40] 陈锁.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对产气荚膜梭菌和球虫引起的肉鸡坏死性肠炎治疗效果研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2021. CHEN S.Study on the therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis preparation on necrotizing enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens and coccidia in broilers[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2021.(in Chinese)
[41] 胡均,张克英,白世平,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌攻毒肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(5):2127-2135. HU J,ZHANG K Y,BAI S P,et al.The effect of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers infected with Clostridium perfringens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(5):2127-2135.(in Chinese)
[42] CHENG Y H,ZHANG N,HAN J C,et al.Optimization of surfactin production from Bacillus subtilis in fermentation and its effects on Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis and growth performance in broilers[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2018,102(5):1232-1244.
[43] JING H,INHO K.Effect of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 spores as a probiotic feed supplement on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,diarrhea score,intestinal microbiota,and excreta odor contents in weanling piglets[J].Animals,2022,12(3):316.
[44] ZHANG Q,LI J,CAO M,et al.Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves sow reproductive performance and reduces piglet birth intervals[J].Animal Nutrition,2020,6(3):278-287.
[45] ZOU X Y,ZHANG M,TU W J,et al.Bacillus subtilis inhibits intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating gut flora and related metabolites in laying hens[J].Animal,2022,16(3):100474.
[46] KASPAR F,NEUBAUER P,GIMPEL M.Bioactive secondary metabolites from Bacillus subtilis:A comprehensive review[J].Journal of Natural Products,2019,82(7):2038-2053.
[47] KIM J,KIM B,CHO S,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase producing Bacillus subtilis sp.-fermented products on growth performance in broilers[J].Indian Journal of Animal Research,2018,52(7):1014-1017.
[48] ZHANG Y,ISHIKAWA M,KOSHIO S,et al.Optimization of soybean meal fermentation for aqua-feed with Bacillus subtilis natto using the response surface methodology[J].Fermentation,2021,7(4):306.
[49] JIANG X,MA G M,CUI Z Q,et al.Effects of fermented corn gluten meal on growth performance,plasma metabolites,rumen fermentation and bacterial community of Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period[J].Livestock Science,2020,231:103866.
[50] WANG Y,SUN H,LIU X.A novel fermented rapeseed meal,inoculated with selected protease-assisting screened B.subtilis YY-4 and L.plantarum 6026,showed high availability and strong antioxidant and immunomodulation potential capacity[J].Foods,2022,11(14):2118.
[51] ZHANG Y,SHI C,WANG C,et al.Effect of soybean meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis BS12 on growth performance and small intestinal immune status of piglets[J].Food and Agricultural Immunology,2018,29(1):133-146.
[52] SHI C,ZHANG Y,LU Z,et al.Solid-state fermentation of corn-soybean meal mixed feed with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium for degrading antinutritional factors and enhancing nutritional value[J].Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology,2017,8(1):1-9.
[53] ZHANG Y,SHI C,WANG C,et al.PSXIV-42 Effect of a corn-soybean meal mixed feed fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium on intestinal morphrage,digestive function and flora of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,96(suppl_3):42-42.
[54] KONKOL D,JONUZI E,POPIELA E,et al.Influence of solid state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis 67 strain on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal and its effects on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2023,102(7):102742.
[55] ZHAO J Y,MEI J J,QIN F,et al.The mechanism of reducing free gossypol by solid-state fermentation of cotton meal and its effect on the growth performance of broilers[J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2022,23(1):17-23.
[56] LV P,SONG Y,LIU C,et al.Application of Bacillus subtilis as a live vaccine vector:A review[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2020,82(11):1693-1699.
[57] MA D,TIAN S,QIN Q,et al.Construction of an inhalable recombinant M2e-FP-expressing Bacillus subtilis spores-based vaccine and evaluation of its protection efficacy against influenza in a mouse model[J].Vaccine,2023,41(30):4402-4413.
[58] SUNG J C C,LAI N C Y,WU K C,et al.Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated Bacillus subtilis spores as a heterologous antibody booster for COVID-19 vaccines[J].Vaccines,2022,10(7):1014.
[59] LEE S,BELITSKY B R,BROWN D W,et al.Efficacy,heat stability and safety of intranasally administered Bacillus subtilis spore or vegetative cell vaccines expressing tetanus toxin fragment C[J].Vaccine,2010,28(41):6658-6665.
[60] SUNG J C C,LIU Y,WU K C,et al.Expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain on recombinant B.subtilis on spore surface:A potential COVID-19 oral vaccine candidate[J].Vaccines,2021,10(1):2.
[61] AMUGUNI H,TZIPORI S.Bacillus subtilis:A temperature resistant and needle free delivery system of immunogens[J].Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics,2012,8(7):979-986.
[62] BARNES A G C,CEROVIC V,HOBSON P S,et al.Bacillus subtilis spores:A novel microparticle adjuvant which can instruct a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response to specific antigen[J].European Journal of Immunology,2007,37(6):1538-1547.
[63] SINGH M,O’HAGAN D.Advances in vaccine adjuvants[J].Nature Biotechnology,1999,17(11):1075-1081.
[64] AMUGUNI H,TZIPORI S.Bacillus subtilis:A temperature resistant and needle free delivery system of immunogens[J].Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics,2012,8(7):979-986.
[65] PAN J G,KIM E J,YUN C H.Bacillus spore display[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2012,30(12):610-612.
[66] LI W,LI J,DAI X,et al.Surface display of Porcine circovirus type 2 antigen protein cap on the spores of Bacillus subtilis 168:An effective mucosal vaccine candidate[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2022,13:1007202.
[67] LEE J E,KYE Y C,PARK S M,et al.Bacillus subtilis spores as adjuvants against avian influenza H9N2 induce antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses in White Leghorn chickens[J].Veterinary Research,2020,51:1-12.
[68] LV P,ZHANG X,SONG M,et al.Oral administration of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing a multi-epitope protein induces strong immune responses against Salmonella Enteritidis[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2023,276:109632.