关键词: 猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV); 疫苗类型; 免疫效果

Abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an intestinal infectious disease caused by Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry.At present, there is no effective treatment, and vaccination is still the main preventive measure.Since the first discovery of PEDV in 1971, the virus has continuously mutated and spread widely.Research on PEDV vaccines has also been continuously improved, but the immune effect is not ideal.Safety and efficacy are the primary factors in vaccine development.Traditional inactivated vaccines are safe, but require multiple doses.The immunogenicity of attenuated vaccine is strong, but the virulence is easy to atavism.The new subunit vaccine is similar to the inactivated vaccine, and the focus of future research and development is to ensure the natural conformation of antigenic proteins and improve the immunogenicity.The vector in recombinant live vector vaccine itself acts as an "immune booster".On the other hand, whether the weakened vector can stabilize the inheritance and its safety needs further study.In the face of Coronavirus with rapid mutation rate, the third-generation nucleic acid vaccine can be put into use quickly by simply modifying the corresponding gene.However, there is a big gap in this kind of vaccine, so we need to focus on the research and development of nucleic acid vaccines in the future.Using transgenic plants to produce vaccines can avoid contamination of other animal pathogens, without the need for low temperature storage, and plant cell walls can protect antigenic proteins and avoid digestion by enzymes, with good stability.But mass production of such vaccines requires attention to gene contamination, which can lead to a loss of natural diversity by transferring foreign genes to other plants through pollen.Compared with other kinds of vaccines, nano vaccines have a longer immune protective effect and can induce a good mucosal immune response, but the cost and preparation process problems need to be solved.In this paper, the traditional inactivated vaccine, attenuated vaccine and new subunit vaccine, virus live vector vaccine, bacterial live vector vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, transgenic plant vaccine and nano vaccine were reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of various vaccines were discussed, so as to provide reference for the development of PEDV vaccines in the future.

Key words: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV); vaccine type; immune effect