CRISPR/Cas9技术在畜禽育种中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.04.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用传统方法在畜禽特定基因座上进行基因组修饰时,只能通过在体细胞中进行同源重组再经细胞核移植实现。传统同源重组方法的困难性和低效性阻碍了基因修饰在畜禽遗传育种中的广泛应用。近年来,位点特异性核酸内切酶的发现为靶向基因修饰提供了一条更直接的途径,主要由于这些酶能直接在DNA序列上进行一步式的基因编辑。成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列/Cas关联蛋白9(clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated protein 9,CRISPR/Cas9)是一种RNA导向的DNA内切酶,精准定位于特定的靶位点,高效完成RNA导向的DNA识别及编辑。CRISPR/Cas9技术作为精准而强大的第3代基因组编辑工具,已经成功应用于猪、牛、山羊、绵羊和鸡上,这些CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑畜禽可作为研究人或畜禽生理和病理的生物模型、生产功能性蛋白质的生物反应器或器官移植的供体。特别是在畜禽生产方面,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑可用于改善生产遗传特性及畜产品质量,提高畜禽对疾病的抵抗力。作者对当前畜禽中特定位点基因组修饰的CRISPR/Cas9技术的原理及基因组编辑在畜禽育种中应用的最新进展进行了综述,以期为推进CRISPR/Cas9技术在畜禽育种中的研究提供参考。

关键词: CRISPR/Cas9技术; 畜禽; 遗传改良; 抗病育种; 基因编辑

Abstract: When using traditional methods to modify the genome at a specific locus of livestock and poultry,it can only be realized by homologous recombination in somatic cells and nuclear transfer.The difficulty and low efficiency of traditional homologous recombination methods hinder the wide application of gene modification in livestock and poultry genetics and breeding.In recent years,the discovery of site-specific endonucleases provides a different and more direct way for targeted gene modification,because these enzymes can directly carry out one-step gene editing on DNA sequence.Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is an RNA oriented DNA endonuclease,which can accurately locate specific target sites and efficiently complete RNA oriented DNA recognition and editing.As an accurate and powerful third-generation genome editing tool,CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been successfully applied to pigs,cattle,goats,sheep and chickens.These CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited livestock can be used as biological models to study human or livestock and poultry physiology and pathology model,bioreactors to produce functional proteins or donors for organ transplantation.Especially in livestock and poultry production,CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing can be used to improve the genetic characteristics of production,improve the quality of livestock and poultry products and the resistance of livestock and poultry to diseases.The author summarized the principle of CRISPR/Cas9 technology with specific site genome modification in livestock and poultry and the latest progress of its genome editing in livestock and poultry breeding,in order to provide reference for promoting the research of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in livestock and poultry breeding.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas9 technology; livestock and poultry; genetic improvement; disease resistance breeding; gene editing

中图分类号:

S813.3

徐景, 杨光, 江美祺, 丁向彬, 郭益文, 胡德宝, 李新, 郭宏, 张林林. CRISPR/Cas9技术在畜禽育种中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(4): 1374-1383.

XU Jing, YANG Guang, JIANG Meiqi, DING Xiangbin, GUO Yiwen, HU Debao, LI Xin, GUO Hong, ZHANG Linlin. Research Advances on CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Livestock and Poultry Breeding[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(4): 1374-1383.

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