CRISPR/Cas9技术在猪、鸡中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基因编辑是利用核酸酶在基因组的特定位点产生DNA双链断裂，从而触发细胞自身的DNA损伤修复机制，实现对靶基因序列进行位点特异性修饰。规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat，CRISPR）及其相关蛋白9（Cas9）系统作为第3代基因编辑技术在农业和基因治疗研究中发挥着重要作用，与传统的锌指核酶和转录激活因子样效应物核酶基因编辑方法相比，它可以靶向基因的任何位点引起DNA双链断裂，实现目标基因的精准敲除或插入外源片段，并能快速、高效地修饰基因组，包括基因敲除、敲入、抑制、激活等，是应用最广泛的基因编辑工具。CRISPR/Cas9技术的出现彻底改变了生命科学、医学和遗传学研究现状。近年来，利用CRISPR/Cas9技术对动物基因组进行修饰，开启了畜禽分子育种的新纪元，不仅极大地推动了现代畜禽养殖技术的发展，而且为人类医学研究做出了特殊贡献，特别是在猪和鸡上。作者以猪和鸡为对象，综述了CRISPR/Cas9技术在异体器官移植供体、人类疾病的生物模型、抗病育种材料、全基因组高通量筛选等方面的研究进展，以及如何利用CRISPR技术快速又简单地生产出基因编辑猪、鸡，为推动CRISPR技术制备其他基因编辑动物提供参考依据。

关键词: CRISPR/Cas9技术; 猪; 鸡; 基因编辑; 基因功能

Abstract: Gene editing relies on nucleases to generate DNA double-strand breaks at specific sites in the genome, thereby triggering the cell’s own DNA damage repair mechanism to achieve site-specific modification of target gene sequences.Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and its related protein 9 (Cas9) system play an important role in agriculture and gene therapy research as a third-generation gene editing technology.Compared with the gene editing method of transcription activator-like effector ribozyme, zinc finger ribozyme, it can target any site of gene to cause DNA double-strand break, achieve precise knockout of target gene or insert foreign fragment, and can quickly efficiently modifying the genome, including gene knockout, knockin, repression, activation, etc., is one of the most widely used gene editing tools.The emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized the research status of life science, medicine and genetics.In recent years, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to modify animal genomes has opened a new era of molecular breeding of livestock and poultry, which not only greatly promoted the development of modern livestock and poultry breeding technology, but also made special contributions to human medical research, especially in pigs and chickens.Taking pigs and chickens as objects, the author reviewed the recent research progress on the CRISPR/Cas9 system in allogeneic organ transplant donors, biological models of human diseases, preparation of disease-resistant breeding materials, and genome-wide high-throughput screening, and how to use CRISPR technology to quickly and simply produce gene editing pigs and chickens, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting CRISPR technology to prepare other gene editing animals.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas9 technology; pigs; chickens; gene editing; gene function

中图分类号:

李晓娇, 何燕华, 朱新宇, 邹娴, 罗成龙. CRISPR/Cas9技术在猪、鸡中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(12): 4665-4673.

LI Xiaojiao, HE Yanhua, ZHU Xinyu, ZOU Xian, LUO Chenglong. Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Pigs and Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4665-4673.

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