卵黄抗体提取方法及其在畜禽细菌性肠道疾病防治中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.02.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 细菌性肠道感染是畜禽养殖过程中的常见疾病，易引起畜禽采食量下降、生产性能降低等问题，严重者甚至造成死亡。在养殖过程中多采用抗生素对其进行治疗，但由于抗生素长期大量使用，特别是不合理使用，使药物残留和细菌耐药性问题日益凸显。因此，发展安全可靠的抗生素替代品已然成为当今畜牧行业的研究热点。卵黄抗体（egg yolk immunoglobulins，IgY）是通过免疫接种产蛋鸡后，在蛋黄中表达的一种免疫球蛋白，可用于相应疾病的预防和治疗。IgY具有产量大、性质稳定、安全高效等诸多优点，目前IgY作为抗生素替代品已被广泛用于畜禽养殖过程中，并取得了显著的效果。文章介绍了IgY的分子结构、理化性质和作用机理，总结并比较了5种IgY提取方法的去脂率、抗体效价、总蛋白含量等指标，最后详细介绍了IgY在防治畜禽常见细菌性感染中的研究现状和应用前景，以期为IgY的高效生产及疾病防治提供研究依据和技术支持。

关键词: 卵黄抗体(IgY); 理化性质; 提取方法; 畜禽细菌性肠道疾病; 抗生素替代物

Abstract: Bacterial intestinal infections are common diseases during breeding process in livestock and poultry industry,which can easily cause problems such as decline in livestock feeding and production performance,and even death.Antibiotics are usually used to breeding process.However,due to the long-term existence of antibiotic abuse and unreasonable use,drug residues and bacterial resistance problems have become increasingly prominent.Therefore,the development of safe and reliable antibiotic alternatives has become a research hotspot in the livestock industry.Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is immunoglobulin expressed in egg yolk after vaccination of laying hens,it can be used to the prevention and treatment of corresponding diseases.IgY has many advantages such as large output,stable properties,safety and efficiency.Currently,IgY is widely used in livestock and poultry breeding,and has achieved significant advantages.The article reviewed the molecular structure,physicochemical properties and mechanism of IgY.It summarized and compared the fat removal rate,antibody titer,total protein content and other indicators of five kinds of IgY extraction methods.Finally,the research status and application prospects of IgY in the prevention and treatment of common bacterial infections in livestock and poultry were introduced in detail and it was expected to provide research basis and technical support for the efficient production and disease prevention of IgY.

Key words: egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY); physical and chemical properties; extraction method; bacterial intestinal diseases of livestock and poultry; antibiotic substitutes

中图分类号:

S852.4

贺维朝, 张会艳, 王浩, 赵青余, 汤超华, 张军民. 卵黄抗体提取方法及其在畜禽细菌性肠道疾病防治中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(2): 640-649.

HE Weizhao, ZHANG Huiyan, WANG Hao, ZHAO Qingyu, TANG Chaohua, ZHANG Junmin. Extraction Methods of Yolk Antibody and Its Application in Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Intestinal Diseases in Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(2): 640-649.

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