微生物发酵中药的研究现状及其在养殖业中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 发酵法是中药炮制的传统方法，具有提高有效成分含量、增强或产生新的疗效、降低毒性、调整肠道菌群等作用。现代中药发酵技术克服了传统中药发酵技术的菌种驳杂、温度和湿度不可控等缺点，发展出了固体发酵、液体发酵和双向固体发酵的现代工艺技术。近年来国家推行饲料禁抗，微生物发酵中药作为一种微生态制剂，在提高动物生产性能、提高动物机体免疫力、预防和治疗疾病等方面，以其独特的优势成为养殖业中抗生素替代品之一，在畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业有着巨大的潜力和市场。但目前发酵中药仍存在发酵机理不明确、物质基础的改变相对未知、发酵菌种较为单一、缺少一定的质量标准等问题。作者重点介绍了发酵中药的优势并比较了各种发酵技术的优点和缺点，对发酵中药在畜禽养殖和水产养殖中的应用进行了归纳总结，分析了发酵中药的发展潜力以及目前存在的问题、改进方案及发展方向，以期对未来微生物发酵中药的深入研究及其在畜禽、水产养殖业中的应用提供思路与借鉴。

关键词: 中药; 微生物发酵; 畜禽养殖

Abstract: Fermentation is a traditional method of Chinese medicine processing method, which has the function of increasing the content of active ingredients, enhancing or producing new effects, reducing toxicity, and regulating intestinal flora. Modern fermentation technology overcomes the shortcomings of traditional fermentation technology, such as the complicated bacteria strains, uncontrolled temperature and humidity. The modern fermentation technology of Chinese medicine includes solid-state fermentation, submerged fermentation and bidirectional solid fermentation. In recent years, the state vigorously promotes reduced use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry industry. As a microecological preparation, fermented Chinese medicine has become one of the alternatives of antibiotic in livestock and poultry industry with its unique advantages in improving animal production performance, prevention and treatment of diseases. It has great potential and market in livestock and poultry industry and aquaculture industry. However, fermented Chinese medicine still has many problems, such as unclear fermentation mechanisms, unknown changes in composition, single fermentation bacteria, and lack of specific quality standards. The author introduces the advantages of fermented Chinese medicine and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various fermentation techniques, summarizes the application of fermented Chinese medicine in livestock and poultry industry as well as aquaculture industry, analyzes the potential of fermented Chinese medicine and the shortcomings of current research, intending to provide ideas and references for the in-depth study of fermented Chinese medicine in the future.

Key words: traditional Chinese medicine; microbial fermentation; livestock and poultry farming

中图分类号:

S859.3

杨新波, 张晓轩, 蔡亚南, 倪宏波, 赵权, 马赫. 微生物发酵中药的研究现状及其在养殖业中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(1): 169-178.

YANG Xinbo, ZHANG Xiaoxuan, CAI Yanan, NI Hongbo, ZHAO Quan, MA He. Progress on Microbial Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Application in Breeding Industry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(1): 169-178.

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