关键词: 爬行动物; 呼吸系统; 疾病; 诊断; 防治

Abstract: Respiratory disease is one of the most commonly encountered disease processes in collections of captive and wild reptiles,with high morbidity and mortality. A variety of infectious and noninfectious agents have been associated with respiratory tract disease in reptiles. Commonly used diagnostic techniques include radiography,serology,lower respiratory tract lavage material culture,or endoscope. X-ray and CT,MRI is an important non-invasive diagnostic tool in reptiles medicine. SN,HI and ELISA are the most widely used semiquantitative serologic assays. Lower respiratory tract lavage samples for diagnosis of bacterial and parasitic respiratory disease. Endoscopy is a good means of direct observation of respiratory structures,at the same time to organize sampling and delivery. Only limited pharmacokinetic data are available for reptiles,and effective therapeutic levels for most antimicrobials have not been established. a broad-spectrum antimicrobial or a combination of agents effective against the most common pathogens in reptiles is initiated pending results. For example,amikacin,ceftazidime and piperacillin .If indicated based on the culture and sensitivity,appropriate changes are made. Nebulization has been advocated as an adjunct to systemic antimicrobial therapy and can be useful. According to the present situation of researching about reptiles'respiratory disease, there is a very big development space, the new techniques and measures must base on the characteristics of reptile's evolution and physiology, to guide prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: reptiles; respiratory; disease; diagnosis; therapy