膳食纤维在调节猪肠道健康与缓解肠道疾病中的作用及其机制

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.08.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,膳食纤维(dietary fiber,DF)作为非粮型饲料资源在低蛋白质饲粮开发中成为研究热点,是猪饲粮的重要营养组分。大量研究证实,DF在调节猪肠道健康与缓解肠道疾病中发挥着多种作用,其作用机制十分复杂。DF通过筛选微生物菌群和维持肠道缺氧环境,调控肠道内微生物稳态;同时直接刺激免疫细胞、上调紧密连接蛋白的表达,发挥免疫调节作用。此外,DF还能增加隐窝数量和食糜黏度,其代谢产物为肠上皮细胞和共生微生物提供主要能源,促进肠道隐窝细胞和上皮细胞的发育和更新循环,从而改善肠道组织形态。作者系统整理与归纳了近年来的相关研究,综述了DF的定义、分类及其在预防猪肠道疾病上的研究结果。从优化菌群结构、改善黏膜屏障和肠道形态入手,分析了DF在调节猪肠道健康上的具体作用及可能机制,并提出了目前存在的问题及未来的研究重点,为后续深入研究DF对猪肠道健康的影响提供了新的视角和证据,同时为开发富含DF的非粮型饲料资源,发展节粮型、可持续型的绿色生猪养殖提供了理论依据。

关键词: 膳食纤维; 肠道健康; 肠道疾病; 猪

Abstract: In recent years,dietary fiber (DF) as a non-grain feed resource has become a research hotspot in the development of low-protein feed and it is an important nutritional component of feed for pigs.Numerous studies have confirmed that DF plays multiple roles in regulating pig intestinal health and alleviating intestinal disorders,with its mechanism being highly complex.DF regulates the intestinal microbiota by selecting microbial communities and maintaining an anaerobic environment in the intestine.Simultaneously,it directly stimulates immune cells,upregulates the expression of tight junction proteins,and exerts immune-regulatory effects.Additionally,DF increases the number of intestinal crypts and the viscosity of chyme,and its metabolites provide the primary energy sources for intestinal epithelial cells and symbiotic microorganisms,promote the development and renewal cycle of intestinal crypt cells and epithelial cells,and thus improve the intestinal tissue morphology.The author systematically sorts out and summarizes the relevant research in recent years,and summarizes the definition and classification of DF and its research results in preventing pig intestinal disorders.Starting with the optimizing microbial community structure,improving the mucosal barrier and intestinal morphology,the specific function and potential mechanism of DF in regulating the intestinal health of pigs have been analyzed,and the existing problems and future research focus have been proposed,which provides new perspectives and evidence for further investigating the impact of DF on pig intestinal health,while also laying a theoretical foundation for the development of non-grain feed resources rich in DF and developing grain-saving and sustainable green pig breeding.

Key words: dietary fiber; intestinal health; intestinal disorders; pig

中图分类号:

S828

章娜, 李世强, 杨凯丽, 张沙, 班博, 方热军. 膳食纤维在调节猪肠道健康与缓解肠道疾病中的作用及其机制[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(8): 3375-3384.

ZHANG Na, LI Shiqiang, YANG Kaili, ZHANG Sha, BAN Bo, FANG Rejun. The Role and Mechanism of Dietary Fiber in Regulating Porcine Intestinal Health and Alleviating Intestinal Disorders[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(8): 3375-3384.

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