奶牛妊娠诊断——传统与自动化技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 奶牛进行人工配种后，若不能及时准确地判断是否妊娠，并对未妊娠个体及时处理，就会降低繁殖效率，还会造成产犊间隔延长、影响终生产奶量及产奶效率，而产犊间隔延长增加了非繁殖饲养期，导致饲养成本增加。故妊娠诊断是奶牛繁殖管理的重要环节，只有配种后尽早检出未妊娠牛，尽可能减少非繁殖饲养成本，才能提升养殖效益。直肠触诊、B超检查、孕酮检测等传统妊娠诊断方法取得了较好诊断结果，但需投入大量人力物力，且需专业技术人员进行繁琐检查，效率低下，增加了管理成本。近年来，基于妊娠相关糖蛋白的ELISA检测试剂盒、胶体金试纸条对配种母牛进行妊娠诊断盛行，虽然大幅提升了检测准确度和便捷性，但采血、检测和耳号核对等仍很繁琐，不适合大规模推广使用。而妊娠奶牛活动量和体温变化规律的揭示，也促进奶牛妊娠诊断新技术的出现，通过研发妊娠诊断自动化技术，采集并分析母牛活动量和体温生理指标，从而判断母牛是否妊娠，可实现节本增效，为提高母牛妊娠诊断效率提供新思路。

关键词: 早期妊娠诊断; 自动化; 体温; 活动量

Abstract: After artificial breeding of cows,if it is not possible to timely and accurately determine whether they are pregnant and deal with non-pregnant individuals in a timely manner,it will reduce reproductive efficiency,and also cause prolongation of calving intervals,affecting the lifetime milk production and milk production efficiency.And the prolongation of calving intervals increase the non-breeding feeding period,leading to increased feeding costs.Therefore,pregnancy diagnosis is an important part of dairy cow breeding management.Only by detecting non-pregnant cows as early as possible after mating and minimizing non-breeding feeding costs can improve breeding efficiency.Traditional pregnancy diagnosis methods such as rectal palpation,ultrasound examination and progesterone testing have achieved good diagnostic results,but they require a large amount of manpower and resources,and require professional technicians to conduct tedious examinations,resulting in low efficiency and increased management costs.In recent years,ELISA detection kits and colloidal gold test strips based on pregnancy related glycoproteins have become popular for diagnosing pregnancy in breeding cows.Although they have greatly improved the accuracy and convenience of detection,blood collection,testing,and ear number verification are still cumbersome and not suitable for large-scale promotion and use.The revelation of the patterns of activity and body temperature changes in pregnant cows also promotes the emergence of new technologies for diagnosing cow pregnancy.By developing automated technology for pregnancy diagnosis,collecting and analyzing physiological indicators of cow activity and body temperature,and determining whether cows are pregnant,cost savings and efficiency can be achieved,hoping to provide new ideas for improving the efficiency of cow pregnancy diagnosis.

Key words: early pregnancy diagnosis; automation; body temperature; activity amount

中图分类号:

S823

汪超, 沙里金, 庞云渭, 原开敏, 修豪宇, 杨书含, 路永强, 王栋. 奶牛妊娠诊断——传统与自动化技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1932-1939.

WANG Chao, SHA Lijin, PANG Yunwei, YUAN Kaimin, XIU Haoyu, YANG Shuhan, LU Yongqiang, WANG Dong. Progress on Traditional and Automatic Techniques for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1932-1939.

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