基于噬菌体疗法的畜禽支原体病防治研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 支原体是一类常见的动物病原体，给畜禽养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。临床上针对支原体病的防治手段包括预防性疫苗接种和抗生素治疗，但传统灭活疫苗或减毒活疫苗存在免疫原性较弱和毒力回复的可能，持续、单一的抗生素给药也会出现菌株耐药问题。噬菌体能有效规避这些问题，拥有良好的应用前景。作为一种新型有效的生物防治手段，噬菌体被引入畜牧和水产等领域以防控病原微生物。支原体噬菌体早在20世纪80年代即被发现和研究，有望通过应用噬菌体达到预防和治疗支原体病的目的。但支原体培养难度大，其噬菌体未展开大范围研究。因此，需要进一步分离支原体噬菌体并展开深入研究，为实际应用开辟道路。笔者对NCBI数据库中支原体全基因组进行了系统发育分析，列举了常见畜禽致病性支原体及其引发的症状，阐明了支原体的发病机制和常规治疗方法，总结了噬菌体的研究进展及支原体噬菌体的实用性，为畜牧领域支原体疾病的预防和治疗提供重要参考。

关键词: 畜禽支原体病; 噬菌体疗法; 致病机理; 防治; 支原体噬菌体

Abstract: Mycoplasmas,prevalent animal pathogens,inflict substantial economic damage on the livestock and poultry sectors.Clinical strategies to combat Mycoplasma diseases encompass prophylactic vaccination and antibiotic therapy.Yet,conventional vaccines-both inactivated and attenuated-pose challenges such as diminished immunogenicity and virulence reversion,while prolonged monotherapy with antibiotics fosters antibiotic resistance.Bacteriophages offer a promising alternative,circumventing these issues and emerging as an effective biological control in veterinary and aquaculture settings.Mycoplasma bacteriophages were discovered and studied as early as the 1980s,and it is expected to achieve the goal of preventing and treating Mycoplasma diseases through the application of bacteriophages.However,the complex cultivation of Mycoplasmas has limited extensive bacteriophage research.Further isolation and in-depth study of Mycoplasma bacteriophages are imperative for advancing practical applications.The author conducted a systematic phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome of Mycoplasma in NCBI database,listed common pathogenic Mycoplasmas in livestock and poultry and the symptoms they caused,elucidated the pathogenesis and conventional treatment methods of Mycoplasma,summarized the research progress of bacteriophages and the practicality of Mycoplasma bacteriophages,and provided important references for the prevention and treatment of Mycoplasma diseases in animal husbandry field.

Key words: Mycoplasmadisease in livestock and poultry; phage therapy; pathogenic mechanism; prevention and treatment; Mycoplasma phage

中图分类号:

朱斌, 周星佑, 伍君权, 陈惠莹, 朱剑锋, 祁姣姣, 胡文锋, 杨美艳. 基于噬菌体疗法的畜禽支原体病防治研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1763-1775.

ZHU Bin, ZHOU Xingyou, WUJunquan, CHEN Huiying, ZHUJianfeng, QIJiaojiao, HU Wenfeng, YANG Meiyan. Phage Therapy in Mycoplasma Disease Management:Advances in Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1763-1775.

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