新型预混料对奶牛酒精阳性乳防治作用的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.05.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了验证针对酒精阳性乳（alcohol positive milk，AMP）发病机理制作的新型预混料对奶牛酒精阳性乳的防治效果，本研究设计了试验1和试验2：在试验1中，根据泌乳天数、酒精阳性乳程度，采用完全随机区组方法将100头荷斯坦泌乳后期牛分为对照组、低剂量（LDG）、中剂量（MDG）和高剂量组（HDG），每组5个重复，每个重复5头牛，各组在日粮中依次添加0、50、100和150 g/（头·d）新型预混料，试验期26 d，3 d为1个采样周期；在试验2中，按照试验1的分组方法，将370头荷斯坦泌乳后期奶牛分为对照组和试验组，每组185头，在日粮中依次添加0和100 g/（头·d）新型预混料，试验期35 d，每5 d为1个采样周期。将奶样与等量的75%中性酒精混合，通过观察奶样状态判断酒精阳性乳发生程度。试验1结果表明，与对照组相比，在日粮中添加50 g/（头·d）新型预混料对酒精阳性乳的发生率有一定的影响（P>0.05）；日粮中添加100和150 g/（头·d）新型预混料能显著降低酒精阳性乳发生率（P<0.05），尤其对降低强阳性酒精阳性乳发生率效果极显著（P<0.01），但两组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验2结果表明，到试验结束时，日粮中添加100 g/（头·d）新型预混料可使酒精阳性乳总发生率降低75.73%，强阳性酒精阳性乳发生率降低90.82%。以上结果表明，新型预混料能有效防治奶牛酒精阳性乳的发生，且日粮中新型预混料的最佳添加量是100 g/（头·d）。

关键词: 酒精阳性乳; 新型预混料; 防治; 添加量

Abstract:

Two experiments were designed to verify the effect of new premix on prevention and treatment of alcohol positive milk (APM) in dairy cow.In the experiment 1,according to lactation days and the occurrence degree of APM,100 late lactation Holstein cows were divided into four groups in the completely randomized block method.Treatments were:Control group,low dose group (LDG),medium dose group (MDG),and high dose group (HDG) with 0,50,100 and 150 g new premix per cow per day,respectively.Each group included 5 replicates with 5 cows in every replicate.The test period was 26 days and 3 days was one sampling period.In the experiment 2,according to the grouping method of experiment 1,370 late lactation Holstein cows were divided into control group (n=185) and the test group (n=185) with 0 and 100 g new premix per cow per day,respectively.The test period was 35 days and 5 days was one sampling period.Milk samples were mixed with an equal amount of 75% neutral alcohol to detect agglutination reactions.The results of experiment 1 showed that cows fed 50 g new premix had a few effect to decrease the incidence of APM (P>0.05) compared with control group.However,cows fed 100 and 150 g new premix could significantly decrease the incidence of APM (P<0.05),especially the incidence of strong APM (P<0.01).There was no significant difference for incidence of APM between the cows fed 100 and 150 g new premix (P>0.05).The results of experiment 2 showed that the rate of the total APM and strong APM were decreased by 75.73% and 90.82% in cows fed 100 g new premix by the end of the experiment,respectively.In conclusion,the new premix could prevent and treat the APM effectively,and the effective addition of the new premix in the diet should be 100 g per cow per day.

Key words: alcohol-positive milk (APM); new premix; prevent and treat; addition amount

中图分类号:

S816.7

田帅, 叶耿坪, 唐新仁. 新型预混料对奶牛酒精阳性乳防治作用的研究[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(5): 1266-1273.

TIAN Shuai, YE Gengping, TANG Xinren. Effect of the New Premix on Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol Positive Milk in Dairy Cow[J]. , 2018, 45(5): 1266-1273.

参考文献

[1] 杨宏军,李庆官,王春傲.酒精阳性乳病牛血液变化的研究[J].山东畜牧兽医,2004,2:1-2. YANG H J,LI Q G,WANG C A.Study on the change of bovine blood in alcohol positive[J].Shangdong Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2004,2:1-2.(in Chinese)
[2] 李玲,杨炳壮,林波,等.酒精试验对水牛乳品质评价的可应用性探讨[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(s1):105-108. LI L,YANG B Z,LIN B,et al.The applicability of alcohol test on buffalo milk quality evaluation[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(s1):105-108.(in Chinese)
[3] 李青冉.酒精阳性乳与乳整体质量及加工性能的关系[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2007. LI Q R.Alcohol-positive milk and milk overall quality and processability relations[D].Zhengzhou:Henan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[4] HORNE D S,PARKER T G.Factors affecting the ethanol stability of bovine casein micelles:3.Substitution of ethanol by other organic solvents[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,1981,3(6):399-402.
[5] 王允田,王振勇,马健,等.低酸度酒精阳性乳患牛乳汁蛋白组分及氨基酸含量变化[J].中国兽医学报,2010,30(1):115-118. WANG Y T,WANG Z Y,MA J,et al.Changes of proteins and amino acids compotents in dairy cows suffered from APM[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2010,30(1):115-118.(in Chinese)
[6] HUPPERTZ T,KRUIF C G D.Ethanol stability of casein micelles cross-linked with transglutaminase[J].International Dairy Journal,2007,17(5):436-441.
[7] 关宏玉,龚美光,林洪金.酒精阳性乳患牛血清及乳清离子和微量元素分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(5):232-236. GUAN H Y,GONG M G,LIN H J.The analysis of microelement and iron from APM blood serum and milk serum[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(5):232-236.(in Chinese)
[8] 李凌岩,韦勇,李胜利.不同浓度酒精滴定阳性乳成分及其矿物质含量比较研究[J].中国奶牛,2010,9:49-52. LI L Y,WEI Y,LI S L.Comparative study on positive milk composition and mineral content of different concentration alcohol titration[J].China Dairy Cattle,2010,9:49-52.(in Chinese)
[9] 李秀群.奶牛酒精阳性乳的产生原因[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2014,2:55-56. LI X Q.Causes of APM on dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2014,2:55-56.(in Chinese)
[10] 林为民,李新萍,陈强斌,等.石河子地区奶牛酒精阳性乳调查与综合防治[J].中国奶牛,2016,319(11):33-36. LIN W M,LI X P,CHEN Q B,et al.Investigation and comprehensive control of APM in Shihezi region[J].China Dairy Cattle,2016,319(11):33-36.(in Chinese)
[11] 刘景华,李艳,孔秀兰,等.酒精阳性牛乳脂肪球不稳定机理的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1993,3:57-58. LIU J H,LI Y,KONG X L,et al.Study on lability of fat globule of APM[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1993,3:57-58.(in Chinese)
[12] 刘景华,向宫义,阎凤周,等.酒精阳性牛乳中无机盐含量与季节变化关系的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1994,4:104-106. LIU J H,XIANG G Y,YAN F Z,et al.Study on the relationship between inorganic salt content and seasonal variation in APM[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1994,4:104-106.(in Chinese)
[13] 李静,周岩,刘德义,等.酒精阳性乳奶牛血清和乳Na、K水平分析[J].吉林农业科学,2012,37(3):28-30. LI J,ZHOU Y,LIU D Y,et al.Analysis of serum and milk Na and K levels in APM[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2012,37(3):28-30.(in Chinese)
[14] 李静,周岩,刘德义,等.酒精阳性乳奶牛血清和全乳钙、镁含量变化[J].吉林农业科学,2013,38(2):70-72. LI J,ZHOU Y,LIU D Y,et al.Changes of Ca and Mg in blood serum and milk of dairy cows suffered from APM[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2013,38(2):70-72.(in Chinese)
[15] 王林,刘宗平.酒精阳性乳中矿物元素分布研究[J].中国兽医杂志,2007,43(10):79-81. WANG L,LIU Z P.Study on distribution of mineral elements in APM[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2007,43(10):79-81.(in Chinese)
[16] 肖定汉,李兰华,王仁喜.酒精阳性乳的发生与气象因子关系的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1992,2:13-14. XIAO D H,LI L H,WANG R X.Study on the relationship between the occurrence of APM and meteorological factors[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,1992,2:13-14.(in Chinese)
[17] PEIRRE A,BRULE G.Mineral and protein equilibria between the colloidal and soluble phase of milk at low temperature[J].Journal of Dairy Research,1981,48(3):417-428.
[18] PATEL K S,PRAJAPATI K S,DAVE A D.Blood serum constituents in relation to summer stress in inter se mated crossbred heifers[J].Indian Veterinary Journal,1990,67(7):611-617.
[19] 林树乾,张燕,张少华,等.中药黄芪多糖的免疫佐剂作用[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,35(5):58-60. LIN S Q,ZHANG Y,ZHANG S H,et al.Adjuvant effect of astraglus polysaccharides[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2006,35(5):58-60.(in Chinese)
[20] 申义君,周金伟,王斌,等.黄芪多糖对泌乳期奶牛抗氧化能力的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(2):244-247. SHENG Y J,ZHOU J W,WANG B,et al.Effects of astragalus polysaccharides on the activity of antioxidant enzyme in lactating holstein cows[J].Natural Product Research and Development,2014,26(2):244-247.(in Chinese)
[21] 许灵波.黄芪多糖在动物生产中应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(3):84-87. XU L B.The research progress of astragalus polysaccharide application in animal production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(3):84-87.(in Chinese)
[22] 孙玉丽,杜云,黄文明,等.杜仲素对奶牛生产性能和免疫机能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2012,9:13-16. SUN Y L,DU Y,HUANG W M,et al.Influence of eucommin on production performance and immunity function in dairy cows[J].China Dairy Cattle,2012,9:13-16.(in Chinese)