发酵棉粕的营养价值及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

棉粕是一种仅次于豆粕的优质植物性蛋白原料，蛋白质含量高，氨基酸种类丰富，但由于含有多种抗营养因子而限制了其在饲料中的应用。利用微生物发酵法处理棉粕可以有效降低其抗营养因子含量，还能提高发酵底物中小分子肽、消化酶、有机酸、益生菌等的含量，从而提高其营养价值。发酵棉粕在动物生产中有较为广泛的应用，在生长育肥猪日粮中使用5%~10%的发酵棉粕替代豆粕，对猪的采食量、日增重和料肉比等指标均没有显著影响，且可降低饲料成本；在鸡日粮中添加5%~15%的发酵棉粕可以提高鸡群免疫力，降低发病率，从而节约用药成本，并可改善鸡肉、鸡蛋的品质；发酵棉粕还可作为反刍动物精料补充料中的蛋白质原料，其所含的营养物质可通过促进瘤胃微生物的生长繁殖从而增加反刍动物对粗饲料的利用率；在水产饲料中用发酵棉粕代替鱼粉和豆粕，不仅可以降低饲料成本及饵料系数，还可以改善水质，提高水产动物体内消化酶含量，从而提高营养物质的消化吸收率。作者综述了发酵棉粕的营养价值，并总结了其在动物生产中的应用研究进展。

关键词: 发酵棉粕; 蛋白饲料; 营养价值; 动物生产

Abstract:

Cottonseed meal is a kind of high quality plant protein follows only soybean meal.The high content of protein and abundance of amino acid in cottonseed meal have attracted much attention.However,the existing of some anti-nutritional compounds in cottonseed meal limited its application in feed industry.An optional way to eliminate those negative effects is fermenting the cottonseed meal with microorganism.It has been demonstrated that after fermenting,the anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal decreased significantly while some beneficial ingredients increased (e.g.small peptides,digestive enzymes,organic acids and probiotics),and eventually increase the nutritional value of the cottonseed meal.The fermented cottonseed meal has been widely used in the feeding.The authors review the nutritional value of fermented cottonseed meal and its application in animal production.Using fermented cottonseed meal instead of soybean in the diets of growing pigs by 5% to 10%,feed intake,daily gain and feed meat ratio are not significantly influenced,and the cost of feed can be reduced.Adding the fermented cottonseed meal in the diets of chicken by 5% to 15%,can improve the immunity of chickens,reduce morbidity,save the cost of medication,and improve the quality of egg and meat.The fermented cottonseed meal can also be used as ruminant animal feed supplement protein in raw materials,it can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in rumen,increase the ruminant animal feed utilization rate.The fermented cottonseed meal can be used instead of fish meal and soybean meal in aquatic feed,not only can reduce the cost of feed and feed coefficient,but also improve water quality,increase the aquatic animal digestive enzyme content,so as to improve the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Key words: fermented cottonseed meal; protein feed; nutritional value; animal production

中图分类号:

S816.6

刘建成, 吴川川, 马贵军, 禚梅, 张文举. 发酵棉粕的营养价值及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(5): 1258-1265.

LIU Jiancheng, WU Chuanchuan, MA Guijun, ZHUO Mei, ZHANG Wenju. Nutritional Values of Fermented Cottonseed Meal and Its Application in Animal Production[J]. , 2018, 45(5): 1258-1265.

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