中链脂肪酸在动物生产中的应用效果及其影响因素研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中链脂肪酸（MCFA）是一类具有特殊生理功能的能源物质，与长链脂肪酸（LCFA）相比，MCFA的碳链更短，到达肝脏的速度更快，MCFA可直接经门静脉运输至肝脏，且无需肉碱脂酰转移酶的转运即可直接进入肝细胞线粒体进行β氧化。因此，MCFA被动物吸收的更直接、更快速，供能也更直接。MCFA不但可为动物机体提供能量，还具有超出其能量价值之外的特殊生理功能，包括抑制细菌的生长和改善肠道微生态及结构，参与动物机体的免疫调节和激素调节等。MCFA的营养特点和生理功能为其在动物生产上的应用提供了依据，在动物生产应用方面，MCFA可提高动物生长性能，减少反刍动物瘤胃甲烷的排放，预防动物疾病，延长畜禽产品货架期，有效控制蚊蝇对家畜的侵扰，MCFA与一些其他饲料添加剂联合使用，不仅存在协同效应，还可克服其在实际生产应用中的缺点。近年来，使用安全、绿色的饲料添加剂替代动物饲料中抗生素的呼声越来越高，MCFA也逐渐受到大众的关注。然而，MCFA在研究和生产应用中存在效果差异，究其原因可能与MCFA的种类、添加水平、添加方式等因素有关。文章对MCFA的营养特点、生理功能、应用于动物生产的效果及其影响因素进行了综述，旨在为MCFA的深入开发与合理利用提供理论依据。

关键词: 中链脂肪酸(MCFA); 中链甘油三酯(MCT); 动物生产; 应用

Abstract: Medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) is a kind of energy materials with special physiological functions.Comparing with long-chain fatty acid (LCFA),MCFA has the advantage of shorter carbon chains and faster approach to the liver in a direct way through portal vein,directly entering hepatocyte mitochondria for β-oxidation without transport of carnitine acyl transferase.So MCFA can be absorbed by the animals in a direct and faster way while supplying energy.Besides,MCFA can not only provide energy for the animal,but also possess special physiological functions beyond its energy value,including inhibiting the growth of bacteria,improving the microecology and structure of the animal intestines,participating in the immune regulation and hormone regulation,etc.The nutritional characteristics and physiological functions of MCFA provide the basis for its application in animal production.In terms of animal production and application,MCFA can improve the growth performance of animals,reduce the rumen methane production of ruminants,prevent animal diseases,delay the corruption of livestock and poultry products,and effectively control the infestation of mosquitoes and flies on livestock.Furthermore,the joint use of MCFA and some feed additives not only has synergistic effect,but also can overcome the shortcomings in actual production and application.In recent years,with the increasing calling for safe alternatives to antibiotics,MCFA is getting more and more attention.However,there are differences in the effects of MCFA in research and production application,which may be related to the type,level and way of MCFA addition.In this paper,the nutritional characteristics,physiological functions,the effects of MCFA on animal production and its influence factors were reviewed to provide theoretical basis for further development and rational utilization of MCFA.

Key words: medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA); medium-chain triglycerides (MCT); animal production; application

中图分类号:

S831.5

冯鑫, 张洛萌, 栾嘉明, 周金影, 张敏, 耿春银. 中链脂肪酸在动物生产中的应用效果及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(6): 1739-1749.

FENG Xin, ZHANG Luomeng, LUAN Jiaming, ZHOU Jinying, ZHANG Min, GENG Chunyin. Advance on Application and Influence Factors of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Animal Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(6): 1739-1749.

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