水貂阿留申病病毒研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.08.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水貂阿留申病(Aleutian mink disease,AMD)是由水貂阿留申病病毒(Aleutian mink disease virus,AMDV)引起的水貂的重要传染性疾病之一,深入开展对AMDV的研究对于该病的防控有重要意义。AMDV基因组全长约为4.8 kb,主要编码2种结构蛋白和3种非结构蛋白,它们在病毒复制、增殖及致病过程中发挥重要作用。AMDV的复制依赖于代谢活跃的细胞,对于幼貂,病毒感染肺泡Ⅱ型细胞会造成急性致死性肺炎,感染巨噬细胞则会引起成年水貂患高丙种球蛋白血症和免疫复合物介导的肾小球肾炎等慢性进行性疾病。笔者从AMDV侵入细胞的受体途径、诱导细胞凋亡途径及病毒复制等方面对其致病机理进行阐述。AMDV在全世界范围内广泛流行,现有的检测方法主要分为血清学诊断方法和分子生物学诊断方法。目前,尚未开发出安全有效的针对AMDV的商品化疫苗,随着生物学技术的快速发展,在灭活疫苗、DNA疫苗和亚单位疫苗的研制上有所进展;抗病毒的新方法,如筛选AMDV耐受貂,提高水貂免疫力和靶向适配体技术为AMD的防控提供了新思路。文章从AMDV编码蛋白功能、病毒细胞嗜性与复制、临床表现与致病机制、诊断方法及防治措施等方面对近年来国内外AMDV的研究进展进行总结,旨在为AMDV安全有效疫苗和防治药物的研发提供参考。

关键词: 水貂阿留申病病毒(AMDV); 分子蛋白; 细胞嗜性; 致病机制; 防治措施

Abstract: Aleutian mink disease (AMD) is an important infectious disease of mink caused by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV).Further research on AMDV is of great significance for the prevention and control of the disease.The AMDV genome is about 4.8 kb in length and encodes two structural proteins and three non-structural proteins,which play important roles in virus replication,proliferation and host pathogenic process.The replication of AMDV is dependent on metabolically active cells,and in young mink,viral infection of alveolar type Ⅱ cells causes acute lethal pneumonia,while infection of macrophages causes chronic progressive disease such as hypergammaglobulinemia and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis in adult mink.In this paper,the pathogenesis of AMDV is described in terms of its receptor pathway of cell invasion,apoptosis induction pathway and viral replication.AMDV is widely prevalent worldwide,and the existing detection methods are mainly serological diagnostic methods and molecular biology diagnostic methods.At present,no safe and effective commercial vaccine against AMDV has been developed,and with the rapid development of biological technology,progress has been made in the development of the inactivated vaccine,DNA vaccine and subunit vaccine.New methods of antiviral such as screening of AMDV-tolerant mink,improving mink immunity and targeted aptamer technology provide new ideas for the prevention and control of AMD.This article summarizes the research progress of AMDV at home and abroad in recent years in terms of AMDV encoding protein function,viral cell tropism and replication,clinical manifestations and pathogenesis,diagnostic methods and control measures,aiming to provide a reference for the development of safe and effective vaccines and drugs for the prevention and control of AMDV.

Key words: Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV); molecular proteins; cell tropism; pathogenic mechanism; prevention and treatment

中图分类号:

S852.65

汪婷婷, 马青霞, 刘宏莹, 许立慧, 刘莹玉, 宫庆龙, 李健明, 时坤, 冷雪, 杜锐. 水貂阿留申病病毒研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(8): 3354-3363.

WANG Tingting, MA Qingxia, LIU Hongying, XU Lihui, LIU Yingyu, GONG Qinglong, LI Jianming, SHI Kun, LENG Xue, DU Rui. Research Progress on Aleutian Mink Disease Virus[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(8): 3354-3363.

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