吉林省某地区牛赤羽病的诊断

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 2022年吉林省某地区发现牛赤羽病疑似病例，为明确病因，对发病牛群进行诊断。【方法】对该牛场进行流行病学调查、临床症状分析，再通过实验室组织病理学观察和血清学检测等方法进行综合诊断,将发病死亡胎牛的组织病料和发病母牛胎盘组织研磨液分别接种Vero细胞、SPF鸡胚和乳鼠鼠脑进行病毒分离。【结果】发病母牛主要表现为流产、产死胎，胎儿先天性畸形。流行病学统计当地母牛空怀率为29%，母牛产死胎、产畸形牛的发病率为24%，感染后的母牛可正常怀孕分娩犊牛。分娩的畸形牛关节弯曲、视力障碍，部分犊牛因脑发育异常表现为神经反应迟缓；死亡胎牛出现了积水性无脑的典型病变，表现为头部畸形、脑组织发育不成型和大量脑积水，符合赤羽病的临床特征。畸形犊牛的脑组织病理学检查可见神经元发生嗜酸性坏死，小胶质细胞吞噬坏死神经元，淋巴细胞、单核细胞围裹在血管周围形成“管套”，为典型的非化脓性脑炎，符合赤羽病发病牛脑组织的病变特点。在发病死亡胎牛和母牛胎盘的组织匀浆上清和细胞培养物上清中均未检测到病毒核酸，分析可能与赤羽病病毒血症持续期短有关。发病母牛和犊牛的血清赤羽病ELISA抗体检测结果均为阳性。【结论】诊断该地区母牛异常流产、死产和犊牛畸形为赤羽病，本研究结果为赤羽病的诊断和防控提供了试验数据和参考资料。

关键词: 牛; 赤羽病; 诊断

Abstract: 【Objective】 In 2022,the suspected case of bovine Akabane disease occurred in a region of Jilin province.To clarify the cause of infected cattle,a diagnosis was conducted on the affected cattle. 【Method】 Epidemiological investigation and clinical symptom analysis were conducted on the cattle farm,followed by comprehensive diagnosis through laboratory histopathological observation and serological testing.Tissue samples from diseased and dead fetal cows and placental tissue grinding solution from diseased cows were inoculated into Vero cells,SPF chicken embryos,and mouse brains for virus isolation. 【Result】 The clinical signs were abortion,stillbirth in cow,and congenital anomaly in fetuses.The epidemiological statistical analysis revealed that the empty pregnant rate of local cows was 29%,and the incidence rate of stillbirth and malformed birth of cows was 24%.The infected cows could be pregnant and deliver calves normally.Deformed calves showed congenital arthrogryposis,visual impairment,delayed neurological reactions due to abnormal brain development.The typical lesions of stillborn calves exhitited hydranencephaly syndrome,with abnormal head,malformation of brain and massive hydrocephalus,consistent with the clinical characteristics of Akabane disease.Pathological examination of the brain tissue of deformed calves showed eosinophilic necrosis of neurons,with microglia engulfing necrotic neurons and lymphocytes and monocytes surrounding blood vessels to form a "sheath",which was a typical non suppurative encephalitis and consistent with the pathological characteristics of bovine brain tissue affected by Akabane disease.No viral nucleic acid was detected in the tissue homogenate supernatant and cell culture supernatant of deceased fetal cattle and cow placenta,which might be related to the short duration of viremia caused by Akabane disease.The ELISA antibody test results for the serum Akabane disease in cows and calves with the disease were both positive. 【Conclusion】 The present results indicated that abortion,stillbirth and calf deformities in the area were associated with Akabane disease.The results of this study providesd experimental data and reference materials for the diagnosis and prevention of Akabane disease.

Key words: cattle; Akabane disease; diagnosis

中图分类号:

S858.23

杨宝琳, 马秀山, 林健, 王玉珍, 王金玲, 赵际成, 刘月焕, 杨志远. 吉林省某地区牛赤羽病的诊断[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(11): 4996-5003.

YANG Baolin, MA Xiushan, LIN Jian, WANG Yuzhen, WANG Jinling, ZHAO Jicheng, LIU Yuehuan, YANG Zhiyuan. Diagnosis of Bovine Akabane Disease in an Area of Jilin Province[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(11): 4996-5003.

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