猪塞内卡病毒A研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塞内卡病毒A(Senecavirus A，SVA)是近年来引起感染猪发生水疱样病变的一种小RNA病毒，属于小RNA病毒科(Picornaviridae)、塞内卡病毒属(Senecavirus)。至今，围绕SVA的遗传进化、基因组结构与功能、致病机制及流行病学等领域的研究已取得一定成果，并建立了多种实验室诊断方法。在中国，SVA感染范围较为广泛，大多以表现为无明显症状的隐性感染形式为主，并且与其他病原体混合感染的情况较为常见。目前,中国在SVA检测领域已实现了显著的技术提升，应用了逆转录恒温热隔绝式PCR(RT-iiPCR)、重组酶聚合酶等温扩增技术(RPA)、实时荧光逆转录重组酶辅助扩増技术(rRT-RAA)、逆转录微滴式数字PCR(RT-ddPCR)和实时逆转录环介导等温扩增方法(RT-LAMP)等新型检测手段。然而，SVA是一种易变异和重组的新发RNA病毒，目前尚无针对其的有效商品化疫苗或药物，有效防控SVA仍是一项艰巨的任务。现有SVA疫苗的研究仍以灭活疫苗为主，同时包括亚单位疫苗、减毒活疫苗、核酸疫苗、病毒颗粒疫苗和重组活载体疫苗等。针对SVA引起感染的抗病毒药物治疗方面，目前可采用利巴韦林、甲磺酸瑞波西汀等进行治疗。此外，中草药提取物或其他天然产物也被发现为潜在的抗病毒制剂。笔者旨在对SVA的流行分布、病原学、流行病学、鉴别诊断及防控的最新研究进展进行归纳和总结，以期为SVA的预防和控制策略提供新的视角和思路。

关键词: 塞内卡病毒A(SVA); 病原学; 流行病学; 鉴别诊断; 疫病防控

Abstract: Senecavirus A (SVA),a small RNA virus,has been causing vesicular lesions in pigs in recent years.It belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae.So far,research in the fields of genetic evolution,genome structure and function,pathogenesis,and epidemiology of SVA has achieved certain results,and various laboratory diagnostic methods have been established.In China,the range of SVA infection is quite extensive,predominantly presenting as asymptomatic latent infections,and co-infection with other pathogens are relatively common.At present,China has achieved significant technological improvements in the field of SVA detection.These advances include the application of several novel detection methods such as reverse transcription isothermal amplification PCR (RT-iiPCR),recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA),Real-time fluorescent reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (rRT-RAA),reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR),and Real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP).However,considering that SVA is a novel RNA virus prone to mutation and recombination,there are no effective commercial vaccines or medications available against it currently,making the effective control and prevention of SVA a significant challenge.The current focus of SVA vaccine research is primarily on inactivated vaccines,but it also extends to subunit vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines,virus-like particle vaccines,and recombinant vector vaccines.For the antiviral treatment of infections caused by SVA,medications such as ribavirin or reboxetine mesylate can be utilized.Furthermore,extracts from traditional Chinese medicine and other natural products are being explored as potential antiviral agents.Here,the author is aimed to summarize the recent advance in researches on the epidemic distribution,etiology,epidemiology,differential diagnosis,as well as prevention and control of SVA,and to provide new perspectives and insights into strategies for SVA prevention and control.

Key words: Senecavirus A (SVA); etiology; epidemiology; differential diagnosis; disease prevention and control

中图分类号:

S852.65⁺1

何宇乾, 李静, 刘枢清, 朱丽杰, 刘拂晓, 王奇. 猪塞内卡病毒A研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(10): 4616-4625.

HE Yuqian, LIJing, LIU Shuqing, ZHU Lijie, LIU Fuxiao, WANG Qi. Advance in Swine Senecavirus A[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(10): 4616-4625.

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