牛丙型肝炎病毒研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.05.041

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 牛丙型肝炎病毒是丙型肝炎病毒属的最新成员，于2015年首次在德国牛血清中发现。目前已在7个国家发现了这种病毒，分为2个基因型和8个亚型，仅中国就存在至少4种牛丙型肝炎病毒亚型。牛丙型肝炎病毒宿主为牛科动物，具有嗜肝性，可引起牛的急性或持续性感染，给畜牧业的发展及相关从业人员的健康构成潜在威胁。牛丙型肝炎病毒基因组全长约8.8 kb，包含5'-端和3'-端非编码区及1个编码2 779个氨基酸的长开放阅读框(ORF)，其中5'-端非编码区中存在核糖体进入位点。牛丙型肝炎病毒在牛群中呈高度流行趋势，已知检测方法主要为分子生物学诊断中的巢式PCR及免疫学诊断方法中的荧光素酶免疫沉淀反应系统(LIPS);随着新发病毒的不断发现，巢式PCR方法无法满足高度变异的牛丙型肝炎病毒，而已有的免疫学诊断方法也存在交叉反应现象。目前尚无有效的疫苗及其他治疗药物，养殖场缺乏对牛丙型肝炎病毒的重视及防控措施。因此，笔者从牛丙型肝炎病毒的病原学、流行病学、检测方法及防控等方面对国内外取得的最新研究进展进行综述，旨在提高国内对牛丙型肝炎病毒及其致病性的认知，为该病毒的研究和防控提供参考。

关键词: 牛丙型肝炎病毒; 高通量测序; 流行病学; 检测方法; 遗传多样性

Abstract: Bovine hepacivirus,the novel member of the Hepacivirus,which was firstly discovered at bovine serum in Germany in 2015,has been found in 7 countries through high-throughput sequencing and has been divided into 2 genotypes and 8 subtypes,with at least 4 subtypes reported in China.Bovine hepacivirus whose hosts are member of Bovidae family,characterized by liver tropism,can cause acute or persistent infections in cattle,posing a potential threat to the development of the livestock industry and the health of related personnel.Bovine hepacivirus includes a genome of 8.8 kb,comprising 5'-UTR,3'-UTR and a long open reading frame (ORF) encoding 2 779 amino acids,and there is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) associated with viral translation in 5'-UTR.Bovine hepacivirus,for which the main detection methods contain molecular biological diagnosis (nested-PCR) and immunological diagnosis (luciferase immunoprecipitation systems,LIPS),showing highly prevalent in cattle.However,with the increasingly development of emerging viruses,nested PCR may not detect Bovine hepacivirus with high genetic variation,and immunological tests may have cross-reactivity.So far,there is not only a lack of effective vaccines and other therapeutic drugs,but also a lack of awareness and measures of prevention and control towards Bovine hepacivirus in livestock farms.Therefore,this article of the latest research advances in the etiology,epidemiology,detection methods,prevention and control of bovine hepacivirus aims to increase awareness of Bovine hepacivirus,which can provide some reference and guidance for the research,prevention and control of the virus.

Key words: Bovine hepacivirus; high-throughput sequencing; epidemiology; detection methods; genetic diversity

中图分类号:

S852.65^＋3

郭銮英, 李家磊, 金芹芹, 马骏, 刘全. 牛丙型肝炎病毒研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(5): 1994-2000.

GUO Luanying, LI Jialei, JIN Qinqin, MA Jun, LIU Quan. Research Progress on Bovine Hepacivirus[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(5): 1994-2000.

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