利用微卫星遗传标记评估5个西藏牦牛群体遗传多样性及群体结构

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.06.023

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 2228-2238.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.06.023

利用微卫星遗传标记评估5个西藏牦牛群体遗传多样性及群体结构

张强^1,2, 洛桑顿珠^1,2, 巴桑旺堆^1,2, 彭阳洋³, 俄广鑫³, 尼玛次仁⁴, 索朗多吉⁵, 巴多⁵, 旦巴⁴, 鲜莉莉^1,2, 旦巴加参⁵, 支张⁵, 平措占堆^1,2

1. 省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室, 拉萨 850000;
2. 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 拉萨 850009;
3. 西南大学动物科学技术学院, 重庆 400417;
4. 西藏阿里地区农业农村局, 阿里 859000;
5. 西藏阿里改则县农业农村局, 阿里 859200

收稿日期:2021-10-08 出版日期:2022-06-05 发布日期:2022-05-27
通讯作者: 平措占堆 E-mail:pingcuo1975@126.com
作者简介:张强,E-mail:tibetzq@126.com。
基金资助:
阿里牦牛新品种培育研究（XZ202001ZY0021N）；西藏特色家畜选育与健康养殖（XZ201901NA02）；国家肉年牦牛产业技术体系（CARS-37）

Estimation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Five Tibet Yak Populations Using Microsatellites Markers

ZHANG Qiang^1,2, LUOSANG Dunzhu^1,2, BASANG Wangdui^1,2, PENG Yangyang³, E Guangxin³, NIMA Ciren⁴, SUOLANG Duoji⁵, BA Duo⁵, DAN Ba⁴, XIAN Lili^1,2, DANBA Jiacan⁵, ZHI Zhang⁵, PINGCUO Zhandui^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Researces and Genetics Improvement, Lhasa 850000, China;
2. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China;
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400417, China;
4. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the Gaize County of Ali District, Ali 859000, China;
5. Committee of Gaize County in Ali District, Ali 859200, China

Received:2021-10-08 Online:2022-06-05 Published:2022-05-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评估当前西藏主要牦牛群体遗传多样性，梳理不同地区群体间遗传结构，明确西藏5个牦牛群体（阿里牦牛、斯布牦牛、娘亚牦牛、类乌齐牦牛和帕里牦牛）的保种情况和种群间系统发育关系。【方法】利用13个微卫星标记（SSR）对5个牦牛群体共计195个个体进行基因分型，并对各群体的等位基因数量、基因杂合度、多态信息含量及群体间遗传距离等遗传参数进行评估。【结果】阿里牦牛群体等位基因数最多（6.43），类乌齐牦牛等位基因数最少（5.00）；观测杂合度范围为0.5311（娘亚牦牛）~0.5995（类乌齐牦牛）。各群体内偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的位点数为5（类乌齐牦牛）~9（阿里牦牛）个；群体内近交系数最高为0.172（阿里牦牛），且4个群体（阿里牦牛、娘亚牦牛、斯布牦牛和帕里牦牛）存在显著近交风险（P<0.05）。从遗传结构来看，所有群体间均为显著遗传分歧（P<0.05），STRUCTURE分析结果显示，5个牦牛群体划分为3个簇，其中阿里牦牛较其他牦牛群体具有更为丰富的遗传背景。系统发育树结果表明，不同群体间系统发育关系相对独立，且与种群栖息地分布不一致。主坐标分析（PCoA）结果显示，不同群体间部分个体存在较近亲缘关系，表明不同群体间存在遗传物质交流。【结论】 5个西藏牦牛群体具有丰富的遗传多样性水平，且种群系统发育关系相对独立，但多数群体存在群体事件风险。本研究不仅有助于明确西藏牦牛地方种群遗传多样性水平，同时可为今后的保种策略提升提供理论参考。

关键词: 西藏牦牛; 微卫星标记; 遗传多样性; 群体结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the conservative status and phylogenetic relationship of 5 Tibet yak populations (Ali, Sibu, Niangya, Leiwuqi and Pali yaks) by estimating the genetic diversity of main yak populations and combing the genetic structure among yak populations from different areas.【Method】 A total of 195 individuals from 5 yak populations were genotyped using 13 microsatellite markers (SSR), and a series of genetic parameters were evaluated, such as the number of alleles, gene heterozygosity, polymorphism information content and genetic distance between populations.【Result】 Ali yak population had the largest number of alleles (6.43), while the Leiwuqi yak had the least (5.00).The observed heterozygosity distribution ranges from 0.5311 (Niangya yak) to 0.5995 (Leiwuqi yak).The number of markers deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each population ranges from 5 (Leiwuqi yak) to 9 (Ali yak), the highest inbreeding coefficient within population was 0.172 (Ali yak), and 4 populations (Ali, Niangya, Sibu and Pali yaks) with a significant risk of inbreeding (P<0.05).According to the pairwise difference of populations, there were significant genetic divergence (P<0.05) between each population pair.The results of STRUCTURE software analysis revealed that 5 yak populations were divided into 3 clusters.Among them, Ali yak had richer diversity within populations than that of others.In addition, the phylogenetic tree indicated that the independent phylogenetic relationship between populations as well as inconsistent with their habitat geographical distribution.The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results revealed that there were some individuals from different population carry closely kinship, indicating that there was genetic material exchange between populations.【Conclusion】 5 Tibet yak populations had rich genetic diversity and relatively independent population phylogenetic relationship.However, most populations were under risk of population events.Therefore, this study would not only help to clarify the genetic diversity of Tibetan yak, but also provided a theoretical reference for improvement of future conservation strategies.

Key words: Tibet yak; microsatellite marker; genetic diversity; population structure

中图分类号:

S813.3

张强, 洛桑顿珠, 巴桑旺堆, 彭阳洋, 俄广鑫, 尼玛次仁, 索朗多吉, 巴多, 旦巴, 鲜莉莉, 旦巴加参, 支张, 平措占堆. 利用微卫星遗传标记评估5个西藏牦牛群体遗传多样性及群体结构[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(6): 2228-2238.

ZHANG Qiang, LUOSANG Dunzhu, BASANG Wangdui, PENG Yangyang, E Guangxin, NIMA Ciren, SUOLANG Duoji, BA Duo, DAN Ba, XIAN Lili, DANBA Jiacan, ZHI Zhang, PINGCUO Zhandui. Estimation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Five Tibet Yak Populations Using Microsatellites Markers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(6): 2228-2238.

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利用微卫星遗传标记评估5个西藏牦牛群体遗传多样性及群体结构

Estimation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Five Tibet Yak Populations Using Microsatellites Markers

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