畜禽肌内脂肪沉积相关基因研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脂肪组织按照其功能可分为储存能量的白色脂肪组织和调节体温、平衡能量的褐色脂肪组织。在体内，脂肪组织主要以皮下脂肪、内脏脂肪、肌间脂肪和肌内脂肪4种形式分布。肌内脂肪又称大理石花纹，是在肌肉内部及肌纤维间沉积的脂肪，直接影响肉质的多汁性、嫩度和风味，是衡量肉品等级的重要指标。肌内脂肪含量取决于脂肪细胞的大小和数量，其发育和沉积受多种机制的调控。在这个复杂的生物过程中，多种转录因子和酶的协同作用同样至关重要。提高肌内脂肪含量能显著改善畜禽肉的口感和风味，提升肉的整体品质，是畜禽育种的重要目标之一。因此，对肌内脂肪发育和沉积相关机制和信号通路的深入了解显得尤为重要。作者通过整合相关文献，介绍了肌内脂肪沉积过程，重点讨论了与肌内脂肪沉积相关的6个关键基因的结构特点及相关机制，并对目前肌内脂肪沉积相关研究存在的不足提供建议，旨在为育种工作者提供科学参考。

关键词: 畜禽; 肌内脂肪; 脂肪沉积

Abstract: The adipose tissue can be categorized into white adipose tissue,which stores energy,and brown adipose tissue,which regulates body temperature and energy balance.Adipose tissue is primarily distributed in four forms in vivo:Subcutaneous fat,visceral fat,intermuscular fat and intramuscular fat.Intramuscular fat,also known as marbling,refers to fat deposited within the muscle and between muscle fibers,it directly influences the juiciness,tenderness and meat flavor,and is an important indicator of meat quality.The intramuscular fat content depends on the size and number of adipocytes,and its development and deposition are regulated by multiple mechanisms.In this complex biological process,the synergistic action of various transcription factors and enzymes is also critical.Increasing the content of intramuscular fat can significantly improve the taste and flavor of meat from livestock and poultry,and enhance the overall quality of meat products,it is one of the key objectives in animal breeding.Therefore,a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in intramuscular fat development and deposition is essential.The authors synthesize relevant literature to describe the process of intramuscular fat deposition,focusing on the structural features and mechanisms of six key genes related to intramuscular fat deposition,and provide recommendations for addressing the existing gaps in current research,offering scientific insights for breeders.

Key words: livestock and poultry; intramuscular fat; fat deposits

中图分类号:

S852.2

劳缨迪, 候彩琴, 李新, 郭益文, 胡德宝, 郭宏, 张林林, 丁向彬. 畜禽肌内脂肪沉积相关基因研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2603-2611.

LAO Yingdi, HOU Caiqin, LI Xin, GUO Yiwen, HU Debao, GUO Hong, ZHANG Linlin, DING Xiangbin. Research Progress on Intramuscular Fat Deposition Related Genes in Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2603-2611.

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