畜禽粪污堆肥病原体及抗生素抗性基因去除效果研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 畜禽粪污中具有大量致病菌和病毒等病原微生物，还存在抗生素和抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance gene，ARGs)等有害成分，这些有害成分将对生态环境和人畜的生命健康构成严重威胁。因此，将这些畜禽粪污进行无害化处理是实现这些有机肥原料资源化利用的重要前提。好氧堆肥被广泛证明是实现畜禽粪污无害化和资源化的最有效方法之一。通过查阅国内外有关畜禽粪污堆肥中病原体、抗生素和ARGs去除效果的相关文献资料，笔者简述了病原体、抗生素和ARGs的危害性，简单分析了堆肥过程中这些有害成分去除的基本原理，并详细回顾了堆肥中温度、pH、碳氮比、含水率及添加剂等因素对这些有害成分去除的相关研究报道，探讨了这些因素影响病原体、抗生素及ARGs去除的原因及效果。该文还指出目前有关畜禽粪便堆肥中病毒的研究十分不足，并建议未来可以结合宏基因组学技术和宏病毒组技术对畜禽粪污堆肥过程中的病毒丰度及群落结构进行分析，并进一步分析病毒的功能。另外，抗生素和ARGs去除的研究不全面，一些新型堆肥的生物安全研究依旧缺乏，因此需要加大研究力度。该综述可为畜禽粪污堆肥的安全生产提供依据，并为未来研究提供方向。

关键词: 畜禽粪污; 病原体; 抗生素抗性基因; 去除效果

Abstract: Livestock manure contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms，including pathogenic bacteria and viruses，along with detrimental components such as antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)，thereby presenting a grave threat to the ecological environment and the health of both humans and animals. Therefore，the harmless treatment of these livestock manure is an important prerequisite for realizing the resource utilization of these organic fertilizer raw materials. Aerobic composting has been widely proved to be one of the most effective ways to realize the harmless and resource recycling of livestock manure. By reviewing the relevant literature on the removal efficiency of pathogens，antibiotics and ARGs in livestock manure compost at home and abroad，the author provides a brief description of the harmfulness of pathogens，antibiotics and ARGs，and conducts a cursory analysis of the fundamental principle for eliminating these harmful components during the composting process. Additionally，the related research reports on the impact of temperature，pH，carbon-to-nitrogen ratio，moisture content and additives on the elimination of these harmful components in compost were reviewed in detail，and the reasons and effects of these factors on the removal of pathogens，antibiotics and ARGs were discussed. It was discovered that the present research on viruses in livestock manure compost is highly inadequate, and suggests that in the future, metagenomics technology and macro virion technology can be combined to analyze the abundance and community structure of viruses during livestock and poultry manure composting, and further analyze the functions of viruses. In addition, the research on the removal of antibiotics and ARGs is not all-round, and the biosafety research on some new ways of composting is still lacking, so more research efforts are needed.This paper can provide the basis for the safe production of livestock and poultry manure compost and provide the direction for future research.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure; pathogens; antibiotic resistance gene; removal effect

中图分类号:

S811
S141.4

李荣荣, 蔡瑞. 畜禽粪污堆肥病原体及抗生素抗性基因去除效果研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(10): 4643-4652.

LI Rongrong, CAI Rui. Research Progress on the Removal Effect of Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Manure Compost of Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(10): 4643-4652.

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