断奶应激对五指山猪仔猪肠道形态、抗氧化能力及Nrf2信号通路的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析五指山猪仔猪断奶后肠道形态、抗氧化能力等相关指标变化规律，探究Nrf2信号通路对早期断奶仔猪肠道氧化应激的作用机制。【方法】选取48头体重相近(4.43 kg±0.58 kg)、体况良好的35日龄五指山猪仔猪，随机分为4组，每组12头猪，分别于断奶当天(0 d)及断奶后第3、7、10天进行屠宰采样，检测各组仔猪小肠形态、血液抗氧化相关酶活性、小肠黏膜活性氧(ROS)水平和肠道Nrf2信号通路及抗氧化酶相关基因表达情况。【结果】与断奶0 d相比，①断奶后第3天仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度显著降低(P＜0.05)，空肠与十二指肠有相似的发育趋势，且在断奶后第7天绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值均显著升高(P＜0.05)。②断奶后第3天仔猪血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P＜0.05)；总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在断奶后呈上升趋势，在断奶后第7天时达到最高水平(P＜0.05)，而血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量在断奶后表现出缓慢下降趋势(P＞0.05)，在断奶后第10天显著升高(P＜0.05)。③断奶后第3和7天仔猪小肠黏膜上ROS水平均显著升高(P＜0.05)，断奶后第10天无显著变化(P＞0.05)。④断奶后第7天仔猪空肠中SOD1、SOD2、GPx1和GPx4基因表达量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。在回肠中，断奶后第7天仔猪SOD2基因表达量显著降低(P＜0.05)，而断奶后第10天时GPx4和CAT基因表达量均显著升高(P＜0.05)。⑤断奶后第10天仔猪回肠中Nrf2基因表达量显著升高(P＜0.05)；断奶后第7天仔猪空肠中NQO1基因表达量显著降低(P＜0.05)；断奶后第3和10天仔猪十二指肠中HO-1基因表达量显著降低(P＜0.05)，断奶后第7和10天仔猪回肠中HO-1基因表达量均显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】断奶应激可显著升高五指山猪断奶仔猪小肠中ROS水平，造成氧化应激，可引起五指山猪断奶仔猪绒毛脱落、缩短和隐窝增生等明显的肠道形态变化，还可通过上调仔猪血清中抗氧化酶活性和肠道相关基因表达量来缓解由于断奶引起的氧化应激。

关键词: 断奶仔猪; 肠道形态; 氧化应激; 抗氧化能力; Nrf2信号通路

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and other related indexes of Wuzhishan piglets after weaning,and explore the mechanism of Nrf2 signaling pathway on intestinal oxidative stress in early weaned piglets.【Method】 Forty-eight 35-day-old Wuzhishan piglets of similar weight (4.43 kg±0.58 kg) and good body condition were selected and divided into 4 groups with 12 piglets in each group.They were slaughtered and collected samples on the day of weaning (0 d),and the 3rd,7th and 10th days after weaning,respectively.The intestinal morphology,blood antioxidant-related enzyme activity,the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in intestinal mucosa,intestinal Nrf2 signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related gene of piglets in each group were detected.【Result】 Compared with weaning 0 days,①On the 3rd day after weaning,the villus height of duodenum in piglets was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the development trend of jejunum was similar to that of duodenum.The villus height and villus height/crypt depth were significantly increased on the 7th day after weaning (P＜0.05).②The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of serum in piglets was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) showed an upward trend after weaning,and reached the highest level on the 7th day after weaning (P＜0.05).The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum showed a slow downward trend after weaning (P＞0.05),and significantly increased on the 10th day after weaning (P＜0.05).③The ROS level in small intestinal mucosa of piglets was significantly increased on the 3rd and 7th days after weaning (P＜0.05),and there was no significant change on the 10th day after weaning (P＞0.05).④The expression of SOD1,SOD2,GPx1 and GPx4 genes in jejunum of piglets were significantly decreased on the 7th day after weaning (P＜0.05).The expression of SOD2 gene in ileum of piglets was significantly decreased on the 7th day after weaning (P＜0.05),and the expression of GPx4 and CAT genes in ileum of piglets were significantly increased on the 10th day after weaning (P＜0.05).⑤The expression of Nrf2 gene in ileum of piglets was significantly increased on the 10th day after weaning (P＜0.05).The expression of NQO1 gene in jejunum of piglets was significantly decreased on the 7th day after weaning (P＜0.05).The expression of HO-1 gene in duodenum of piglets was significantly decreased on the 3rd and 10th days after weaning (P＜0.05),and the expression of HO-1 gene in ileum of piglets was significantly increased on the 7th and 10th days after weaning (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Weaning stress could significantly increase the ROS level in small intestine of weaned Wuzhishan piglets,causing oxidative stress,which could cause obvious intestinal morphological changes such as villus shedding,shortening and crypt hyperplasia in weaned Wuzhishan piglets.Oxidative stress caused by weaning could also be alleviated by up-regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and intestinal related gene expression in serum of piglets.

Key words: weaned piglets; intestinal morphology; oxidative stress; antioxidant capacity; Nrf2 signaling pathway

中图分类号:

S815.7

余淼, 李妍娇, 赵彦玲, 晁哲, 王峰, 李梦晗, 蒋智强, 张婷, 薛新宇, 任子利, 孙瑞萍. 断奶应激对五指山猪仔猪肠道形态、抗氧化能力及Nrf2信号通路的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 2045-2055.

YU Miao, LI Yanjiao, ZHAO Yanling, CHAO Zhe, WANG Feng, LI Menghan, JIANG Zhiqiang, ZHANG Ting, XUE Xinyu, REN Zili, SUN Ruiping. Effects of Weaning Stress on Intestinal Morphology, Antioxidant Capacity and Nrf2 Signaling Pathway of Wuzhishan Piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2045-2055.

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