This experiment was aimed to study the genetic polymorphism of heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) gene in sheep, and find the molecular marker-assisted selection. Tan sheep (250) and Tan×Hu hybrid F1 generation (174) were used as the experimental animals to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of H-FABP gene (GenBank accession No.:AY157617) using SNaPshot technology. Gene frequency and genotype frequency statistics, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were calculated. The correlation among the gene in different genotypes and body weight, body length, body height, chest circumference, chest depth, chest width and cannon circumference traits was analyzed. The results showed that 9 polymorphic loci were detected:939[A/G], 980[G/A], 1018[T/C], 2878[C/T], 2956[C/T], 3017[G/A], 3341[G/C], 3394[T/A] and 1056[-/G], including 6 transitions, 2 transversions and 1 single-base insertion. The He at 939[A/G], 980[G/A], 2956[C/T], 3341[G/C], 3394[T/A] and 1018[T/C] was 0.3200 to 0.4666, PIC ranged from 0.2688 to 0.3577; The He at 2878[C/T] and 3017[G/A] was 0.0283 to 0.1272, PIC ranged from 0.0279 to 0.1191 for low polymorphism; The He at 1056[-/G] in Tan sheep was 0.0120,whereas that of Tan×Hu hybrid F1 generation was 0, PIC in Tan sheep was 0.0119, whereas that of Tan×Hu hybrid F1 generation was 0.9 polymorphic loci in Tan sheep and Tan×Hu hybrid F1 generation followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 5 polymorphic loci of 939[A/G], 980[G/A], 2956[C/T], 3341[G/C] and 3394[T/A] were tightly linked (D'>0.99), and H-FABP gene was divided into 3 haplotypes:AA,AB and BB. BB haplotype had the maximum value in each production traits in 41 Tan×Hu hybrid F1 generation, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). H-FABP gene in sheep had abundant genetic polymorphism,5 polymorphic loci of 939[A/G], 980[G/A], 2956[C/T], 3341[G/C] and 3394[T/A] tightly linked,BB haplotype might be the dominant haplotype associated with production traits in sheep.