头胎和经产围产期奶牛对25-羟基维生素D3营养效应的对比分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.012

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 4313-4323.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.012

头胎和经产围产期奶牛对25-羟基维生素D₃营养效应的对比分析

邱庆^1,2, 赵勐³, 王典^4,5, 陈雅坤², 赵连生², 臧长江¹

1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室, 北京 100193;
3. 现代牧业(集团)有限公司, 马鞍山 243000;
4. 内蒙古农业大学动物科技学院, 呼和浩特 010018;
5. 内蒙古优然牧业有限责任公司, 呼和浩特 010070

收稿日期:2024-04-07 出版日期:2024-10-05 发布日期:2024-09-30
通讯作者: 赵连生, 臧长江 E-mail:aaronann@163.com;zcj780@126.com
作者简介:邱庆，E-mail:qiuqing6666@163.com。
基金资助:
中国农业科学院北方农牧业技术创新中心项目（BFGJ2023002）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-IAS07-1）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务（CAAS-XTCX2016011-01）；家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队（BAIC05-2024）；北京市数字农业创新团队项目（BAIC10-2024）。

Nutritional Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on Primiparous and Mulitiparous Periparturient Dairy Cows

QIU Qing^1,2, ZHAO Meng³, WANG Dian^4,5, CHEN Yakun², ZHAO Liansheng², ZANG Changjiang¹

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science of CAAS, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Modern Farming (Group) Co., Ltd., Ma'anshan 243000, China;
4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
5. Inner Mongolia You Ran Herding Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010070, China

Received:2024-04-07 Online:2024-10-05 Published:2024-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究不同胎次奶牛对25-羟基维生素D₃的机体反应，分析胎次对奶牛生产性能、产后疾病发生率及后代犊牛生长性能的影响，进而揭示围产期奶牛胎次对25-羟基维生素D₃营养效应的具体作用。【方法】选择体况评分一致(3.25)、预产期前21 d的健康荷斯坦奶牛26头，按照胎次分配头胎组(胎次=1，n=11)和经产组(胎次≥2，n=15)。试验奶牛饲喂统一饲粮，每日补充3 mg/头25-羟基维生素D₃。试验期82 d(第22天为预计产犊日)。记录产犊后奶牛日乳产量，同时采集产犊后0、7、21 d的乳样，用于检测乳成分。于产犊前21、7 d(―21、―7 d)，分娩当天(0 d)，产犊后7、21 d采集饲料及母牛、后代犊牛血液样品，分别用于检测饲料常规营养成分、血液免疫及抗氧化指标，以及血液骨、胶原代谢相关指标，并检测0、60日龄犊牛的体重和体尺指标。【结果】 ①与头胎奶牛相比，经产奶牛产后7、21 d乳产量极显著或显著升高(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)，产后7 d非脂乳固体率显著降低(P＜0.05)。②经产奶牛较头胎奶牛血液中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。与头胎奶牛相比，在产犊前21和7 d时经产奶牛血液中降钙素(CT)含量显著升高(P＜0.05)；在产犊7 d时，经产奶牛血液中抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)含量极显著升高(P＜0.01)，经产奶牛血液中CT和IgM含量极显著降低(P＜0.01)，肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量极显著升高(P＜0.01)；在产犊21 d时，经产奶牛血液IgM和TNF-α含量显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)。③经产奶牛后代犊牛60日龄时体高极显著高于头胎奶牛后代犊牛(P＜0.01)。【结论】头胎和经产围产期奶牛对25-羟基维生素D₃的营养效应具有显著差异，围产期添加25-羟基维生素D₃可使头胎奶牛血液免疫能力提高；经产奶牛骨、胶原代谢能力增强，同时其后代犊牛60日龄时体高增加。

关键词: 25-羟基维生素D₃; 围产期奶牛; 胎次; 生产性能; 产犊性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to explore the organism response of dairy cows with different parities to 25 hydroxyvitamin D₃，analyze the influence of parity on the production performance of dairy cows，postpartum disease incidence and the growth performance of progeny calves，and then reveal the specific role of periparturient dairy cows parity on the nutritional effect of 25 hydroxyvitamin D₃. 【Method】 Twenty-six healthy Holstein dairy cows with a consistent body condition score (3.25) and 21 days before the expected date of calving were selected and assigned to primiparous group (parity=1，n=11) and mulitiparous group (parity≥2，n=15) according to parity size. All dairy cows were fed a uniform ration，which was supplemented with 3 mg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ per head per day for 82 days (the 22nd days was the expected calving day). Daily milk production was recorded，and milk samples were collected at 0，7，and 21 days post-calving for milk composition testing. Feed and blood samples were collected at 21 and 7 days prior to calving (―21 and ―7 days)，on the day of delivery (0 days)，and 7 and 21 days after calving. Blood samples were collected from dairy cows and progeny calves to test the routine nutrients in feed，blood immunity and antioxidant indexes，and blood bone and collagen metabolism indexes，respectively. The body weight and body size of progeny calves were measured at both 0 and 60 d. 【Result】 ①Compared with primiparous dairy cows，the milk yield of mulitiparous dairy cows at 7 and 21 d postpartum was extremely significantly or significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05)，the non-fat milk solids of mulitiparous cows at 7 d postpartum were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). ②Compared with mulitiparous dairy cows，the immunogbulin G (IgG) content of blood in primiparous dairy cows was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The calcitonin (CT) contents of blood in mulitiparous dairy cows at ―21 and ―7 d of calving were significantly increased (P＜0.05). The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels of blood in mulitiparous dairy cows at 7 d of calving were extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01)，the contents of CT and IgM were significantly decreased (P＜0.01)，while the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01). The contents of IgM and TNF-α of blood in mulitiparous dairy cows at 21 d of calving were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). ③At 60 days of age，the body height of progeny calves of mulitiparous dairy cows was extremely significantly higher than that of progeny calves of primiparous dairy cows (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 A significant difference was observed in the nutritional effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ in primiparous and mulitiparous periparturient dairy cows. The administration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ during the perinatal period resulted in an enhancement of haematological immunocompetence in primiparous dairy cows，as well as an acceleration of bone and collagen metabolism in mulitiparous dairy cows. Additionally，the progeny calves of these dairy cows exhibited an increase in body height at 60 days of age.

Key words: 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃; periparturient dairy cows; parity; productive performance; calving performance

中图分类号:

S816.71

邱庆, 赵勐, 王典, 陈雅坤, 赵连生, 臧长江. 头胎和经产围产期奶牛对25-羟基维生素D₃营养效应的对比分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(10): 4313-4323.

QIU Qing, ZHAO Meng, WANG Dian, CHEN Yakun, ZHAO Liansheng, ZANG Changjiang. Nutritional Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on Primiparous and Mulitiparous Periparturient Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(10): 4313-4323.

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头胎和经产围产期奶牛对25-羟基维生素D₃营养效应的对比分析

Nutritional Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on Primiparous and Mulitiparous Periparturient Dairy Cows

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