饲喂复合型营养添加剂对围产期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系及其代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究复合型营养添加剂(immunomodulatory and nutritional combined additive，INC)对围产期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系及其代谢的影响，以期改善奶牛围产期瘤胃健康并提高产奶量，为新型添加剂的使用与推广提供技术支撑。【方法】以14头围产期奶牛作为试验对象，依据上一胎次产奶量和体况随机分为对照组(CON)和试验组(TR)，每组7头，试验期42 d。CON组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮，TR组每头奶牛在对照组基础上添加60 g/d INC。分别于产后7、14、21 d采集奶样测定乳成分，并记录日产奶量；产后21 d晨饲后使用瘤胃导管采集所有奶牛的瘤胃液，进行16S rRNA测序和代谢组学分析。【结果】 ①产后奶牛乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率两组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，但TR组奶牛产后第1周产奶量极显著高于CON组(P＜0.01)。②在门水平上，两组奶牛瘤胃中的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门；在属水平上，优势菌属均为普雷沃菌属和琥珀酸菌属。③两组中共检测到19个差异菌属(线性判别分析(LDA)值≥2，P＜0.05)，其中理研菌科RC9肠道菌属(Rikenellaceae-RC9-gut-group)等4个菌属在CON组中显著富集(P＜0.05)，瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)等15个菌属在TR组中显著富集(P＜0.05)。④代谢组学结果表示，TR组中L-犬尿氨酸(L-formylkynurenine)、吲哚-3-乙酸乙酯(1H-indole-3-acetic acid)及3-甲基吲哚(3-methylindole)的相对浓度均明显提高。⑤相关性分析结果显示，在TR组中毛螺旋菌科UCG_010属(Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010)与L-犬尿氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酸乙酯及3-甲基吲哚等代谢物呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，且毛螺旋菌科UCG_010属与色氨酸代谢途径、亚麻酸代谢途径呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，同时与产后第1周产奶量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加INC可以提高围产期奶牛瘤胃内相关营养物质分解菌的丰度，通过调控瘤胃微生物的菌群结构及其代谢来改善奶牛健康和瘤胃发酵，并最终提高奶牛产奶量。

关键词: 复合型营养添加剂(INC); 围产期奶牛; 瘤胃; 微生物区系; 代谢组

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of immunomodulatory and nutritional combined additive (INC) on the rumen microbiota and its metabolism of transition dairy cows，so as to improve the rumen health of dairy cows during the periparturient period and increase the milk yield. It also provided technical support for the use and promotion of new type additives. 【Method】 Fourteen transition dairy cows were randomly divided into two groups，with 7 heads in each group according to the milk yield and body condition of the last parity. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Dairy cows in control (CON) group were fed a basal diet，and dairy cows in treatment (TR) group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 60 g/d of INC. Milk samples were collected at 7，14 and 21 d postpartum for determination of milk composition，and milk yield was recorded daily. Rumen fluid was collected from all dairy cows using a rumen catheter after morning feeding at 21 d postpartum for 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolome analysis. 【Result】 ①No significant differences were found in the percentage of milk protein，milk lactose and milk fat between the two groups (P＞0.05)，the milk yield of dairy cows in TR group in the 1st week after delivery was extremely significantly higher than CON group (P＜0.01). ②At the phylum level，Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in the rumen of dairy cows in both groups. At the genus level，Prevotella and Vibrio succinicum were the dominant bacteria genera. ③A total of 19 different bacteria were detected in the two groups (LDA≥2，P＜0.05)，of which 4 genera，including Rikenellaceae-RC9-gut-group，were significantly enriched in CON group (P＜0.05)，and 15 genera，including Ruminococcaceae，were significantly enriched in TR group (P＜0.05). ④The metabolomics results showed that the relative concentrations of L-formylkynurenine，1H-indole-3-acetic acid and 3-methylindole in TR group were significantly increased. ⑤Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 in TR group was significantly positively correlated with metabolites (P＜0.05), such as L-formylkynurenine，1H-indole-3-acetic acid and 3-methylindole. Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 was positively correlated with the tryptophan metabolic pathway and linolenic acid metabolic pathway (P＜0.05)，and was significantly positively correlated with milk production in the 1st week after delivery (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Addition of INC to the diet could increase the abundance of relevant nutrient-degrading bacteria in the rumen of transition dairy cows，improve cow health and rumen fermentation by regulating the flora structure of rumen microorganisms and their metabolism，and ultimately increase milk production of dairy cows.

Key words: immunomodulatory and nutritional combined additive (INC); transition dairy cows; rumen; microbiota; metabonomics

中图分类号:

S816.71

王菲, 陈天宇, 郝科比, 徐一洺, 张红星, 伊利亚尔, 候国彬, 崔雯雯, 庄一民, 刘帅, 申跃宇, 齐岩, 邵伟, 郭刚, 曹志军. 饲喂复合型营养添加剂对围产期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系及其代谢的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(10): 4255-4269.

WANG Fei, CHEN Tianyu, HAO Kebi, XU Yiming, ZHANG Hongxing, Yiliyaer, HOU Guobin, CUI Wenwen, ZHUANG Yimin, LIU Shuai, SHEN Yueyu, QI Yan, SHAO Wei, GUO Gang, CAO Zhijun. Effects of Feeding Immunomodulatory and Nutritional Combined Additive on Rumen Microflora and Metabolism of Transition Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(10): 4255-4269.

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