植物多糖生物活性及其在反刍动物生产中应用的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物多糖是从多种草本植物中萃取得到的一类天然生物活性成分，广泛存在于植物细胞壁、黏液层内，因其独特的理化性质和多样的生物学功能备受关注，具有安全、高效、低残留、无耐药性等优点，在反刍动物生产中展现出巨大的应用潜力。文章分析了植物多糖的抗病毒、免疫调节、抗氧化、肠道菌群调节和抗肿瘤抗癌功能，回顾了植物多糖在反刍动物生产中的应用进展，探讨其在促生长、改善机体免疫、改善胃肠道健康和保障动物产品质量安全等方面的实践效果与作用机制。在生长性能方面，饲料中添加植物多糖能够提高反刍动物的日增重、采食量和饲料转化率，提高经济效益。在提高免疫性能方面，植物多糖的使用，促进免疫器官发育，刺激免疫球蛋白和抗炎细胞因子分泌，提升反刍动物免疫力。在改善胃肠道健康方面，植物多糖能够通过增加胃肠道屏障完整性、调节胃肠道菌群组成和提高胃肠道细胞免疫活性，降低胃肠道疾病的发生。在生产性能方面，添加植物多糖能够改善肉产品的理化特性，增强营养成分含量，提升反刍动物肉品质。未来需要进一步研究植物多糖的生物学功能和作用机制，为新型饲料添加剂的开发和利用提供有益借鉴，并为植物多糖在反刍动物生产中的进一步研究和应用奠定基础。

关键词: 植物多糖; 生物活性; 反刍动物; 生产性能; 免疫

Abstract: Plant polysaccharides,a class of natural bioactive components extracted from plants,have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive physicochemical properties and diverse biological functions.Predominantly distributed in plant cell walls and mucilage layers,these compounds are recognized for their safety,high efficacy,low residue accumulation,and absence of drug resistance,demonstrating substantial potential in ruminant production systems.This article systematically examines the biological functions of plant polysaccharides,including antiviral activity,immunomodulatory effects,antioxidant capacity,gut microbiota regulation,and antitumor (anticancer) properties.Furthermore,it reviews recent advancements in their application to ruminant production,with particular emphasis on their demonstrated efficacy and mechanistic roles in enhancing growth performance,immune competence,gastrointestinal health,and product quality/safety.Regarding growth performance,dietary supplementation with plant polysaccharides has been shown to significantly increase daily weight gain,feed intake,and feed conversion ratio in ruminants,thereby improving production efficiency.In immune system modulation,these compounds promote immune organ development,stimulate immunoglobulin synthesis,and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion,collectively strengthening immunological defenses.For gastrointestinal health optimization,plant polysaccharides improve intestinal barrier integrity,modulate microbial community composition,and enhance cellular immune responses within the gastrointestinal tract,effectively reducing digestive disorder incidence.In terms of production performance,the addition of plant polysaccharides improve the physicochemical characteristics of meat products,enhances nutritional composition,and elevates the meat quality of ruminants. In the future,the research is needed on the biological functions and mechanisms of action of plant polysaccharides,providing useful references for the development and utilization of new feed additives,and laying the foundation for further research and application of plant polysaccharides in ruminant production.

Key words: plant polysaccharides; biological activity; ruminant; production performance; immune

中图分类号:

S816.7

于向宇, 张桂杰, 陈晓东. 植物多糖生物活性及其在反刍动物生产中应用的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2626-2636.

YU Xiangyu, ZHANG Guijie, CHEN Xiaodong. Research Progress on Biological Activities of Plant Polysaccharides and Their Application in Ruminant Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2626-2636.

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