2019年国内外家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.12.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 家兔是节粮型草食小动物，其养殖投资少、见效快，已成为中国促进农民增收、助力脱贫攻坚的优势产业。近年来，随着生命科学的发展，国内外家兔遗传育种取得了较大进展。文章分别从家兔传统育种、分子育种和繁殖等方面对国内外2019年家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展进行了综述。国外在传统育种、分子育种和家兔繁殖方面均作了较多的研究，传统育种主要是针对选择和环境及添加物对家兔生产性能影响的研究；分子育种方面主要是对繁殖性状相关基因的研究，其中产仔数及精液蛋白方面的研究较多，其次是生长、肉质、毛色等性状相关基因的研究；而繁殖方面的研究主要针对公兔精液的保存方法及添加物对家兔精液品质、产仔数和受胎率的影响。国内家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究也主要包括传统育种、分子育种和家兔繁殖，但国内的研究重点在分子育种研究，其中品种与遗传多样性及皮毛性状功能基因的研究较多，主要采用高通量测序、常规基因克隆和基因编辑的方法筛选对研究性状具有重要调控功能的基因及调控网络；而传统育种性状评定和家兔繁殖方面的研究相对较少。该综述可为家兔的育种和生产研究提供参考。

关键词: 2019年; 家兔; 遗传育种; 繁殖

Abstract: The rabbit is a kind of grain-saving and small herbivore animal.Rabbit breeding which is low investment and obvious efficiency has become an advantageous industry of increasing income of rural farmers and poverty alleviation.In recent years,with the development of life science,great progress has been made in rabbit genetic breeding at home and abroad.In this paper,the research progress in genetic breeding and reproduction of rabbits in 2019 are reviewed from the traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction of rabbits.For abroad,lots of researches involved in traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction were done.Effects of selection,environment and additives on productive performance had been analyzed in traditional breeding.Molecular breeding mainly focused on reproductive performance among which there were more studies on litter size and spermatine.Secondly,the related genes of growth,meat quality and hair color were studied.The research on reproduction mainly focuses on the preservation method of male rabbit semen and the effects of additives on rabbit semen quality,litter size and conception rate.In China,genetic breeding and reproduction research on rabbit also mainly included traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction,but the focus of domestic research was molecular breeding,among which breed and genetic diversity and functional genes of fur trait were mainly researched using high-throughput sequencing,gene cloning and gene editing to screen the important functional genes and regulatory networks related to research traits.However,compared with molecular breeding,there are fewer studies on the traits evaluation of traditional breeding and rabbit reproduction.This review can provide references for rabbit breeding and production.

Key words: 2019; rabbits; genetics and breeding; reproduction

中图分类号:

S829.1

丁海生, 黄冬维, 汪勇, 程广龙, 马荣幸, 杨永新, 赵辉玲. 2019年国内外家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(12): 3976-3984.

DING Haisheng, HUANG Dongwei, WANG Yong, CHENG Guanglong, MA Rongxing, YANG Yongxin, ZHAO Huiling. Research Progress on Genetic Breeding and Reproduction of Domestic and International Rabbits in 2019[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(12): 3976-3984.

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