应用BLUP方法对猪繁殖性状和生长性状遗传评估的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.08.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】估计杜洛克猪(Duroc,DD)、长白猪(Landrace,LL)、大白猪(Yorkshire,YY)繁殖性状和生长性状的遗传参数,分析不同年份育种值变化的遗传趋势,为制定合理的育种方案提供理论依据。【方法】以杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪繁殖性状和生长性状的性能测定数据为研究材料,其中繁殖性状数据10 963条,包括总产仔数(total number born,TNB)、产活仔数(number born alive,NBA)、出生窝重(litter born weight,LBW)和21日龄窝重(litter weight at 21 days,LW21);生长性状数据25 257条,包括达100 kg体重日龄(age at 100 kg live weight,AGE)和达100 kg体重背膘厚(backfat adjusted to 100 kg,BF)。采用基于动物模型的最佳线性无偏预测(best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP)方法,使用ASReml统计分析软件进行遗传力、遗传相关和育种值估计。【结果】TNB、NBA和LBW的遗传力在0.08~0.20之间,LW21的遗传力在0.02~0.05之间;AGE和BF的遗传力在0.22~0.37之间。繁殖性状TNB、NBA、LBW、LW21的遗传相关系数总体分布在0.20~0.97之间,呈中等偏上正相关;生长性状AGE和BF的遗传相关系数分布在-0.07~-0.03之间,呈微弱的负相关。杜洛克猪繁殖性状的遗传趋势上升幅度较大,长白猪、大白猪繁殖性状的遗传趋势上升幅度较小;生长性状中AGE的遗传趋势均呈下降趋势,且下降幅度较大,BF的遗传趋势变化幅度较小。【结论】本研究对杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪繁殖性状和生长性状的遗传参数和遗产趋势进行了准确的评估,结果可为该育种场的育种工作提供参考。

关键词: 猪; BLUP方法; 遗传评估; 繁殖性状; 生长性状

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of reproductive and growth traits in Duroc(DD),Landrace(LL) and Yorkshire (YY) pigs,and analyze the genetic trend changes of breeding values in different years,so as to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing breeding programs.【Method】 The data of reproductive and growth traits in DD,LL and YY were used as the research materials.The 10 963 reproductive trait records,including total number born (TNB),number born alive (NBA),litter born weight (LBW) and litter weight at 21 days (LW21),and 25 257 growth trait records,including age at 100 kg live weight(AGE) and backfat adjusted to 100 kg(BF),were used in this study.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP) method based on animal model was used to estimate heritability,genetic correlation and breeding values by ASReml package.【Result】 The heritability of TNB,NBA and LBW ranged from 0.08 to 0.20,and the heritability of LW21 ranged from 0.02 to 0.05.The heritability of AGE and BF traits ranged from 0.22 to 0.37.The genetic correlation coefficients of reproductive traits of TNB,NBA,LBW and LW21 ranged from 0.20 to 0.97,which showed moderately positive correlations.The genetic correlation coefficients of AGE and BF ranged from -0.07 to -0.03,which showed slightly negative correlations.The genetic trend of reproductive traits of DD increased significantly,while that of LL and YY increased slightly.Among the growth traits,the genetic trends of AGE changed significantly,While the genetic trends of BF were varied less.【Conclusion】 This study accurately evaluated the genetic parameters and genetic trends of reproductive and growth traits of DD,LL and YY,the results could provide reference for the breeding work of the breeding field.

Key words: pigs; BLUP method; genetic evaluation; reproductive traits; growth traits

中图分类号:

S813.3

杨涛, 张敏婕, 徐然, 张涵, 张萌萌, 吴克亮. 应用BLUP方法对猪繁殖性状和生长性状遗传评估的研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(8): 2971-2981.

YANG Tao, ZHANG Mingjie, XU Ran, ZHANG Han, ZHANG Mengmeng, WU Keliang. Study on Genetic Evaluation of Reproductive and Growth Traits in Pigs by BLUP Method[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(8): 2971-2981.

参考文献

[1] 姚天雄,陈冬,吴珍芳,等.大白和长白猪大样本群体的繁殖性状遗传参数估计及影响因素分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(11):2195-2207. YAO T X,CHEN D,WU Z F,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of reproduction traits and analysis of its influencing factors in large sample populations of Large White and Landrace pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2019,50(11):2195-2207.(in Chinese)
[2] 高虹,邱小田,王长存,等.我国杜洛克、长白、大白猪区域性联合遗传评估研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(12):2567-2575. GAO H,QIU X T,WANG C C,et al.The regional joint genetic evaluation of Duroc,Landrace and Yorkshire pigs in China[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2018,49(12):2567-2575.(in Chinese)
[3] 边黎明,施季森,童春发,等.ASReml及其在林木遗传分析中的应用前景[J].林业科技开发,2012,26(4):9-12. BIAN L M,SHI J S,TONG C F,et al.ASReml and its application prospects in forest genetic analysis[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2012,26(4):9-12.(in Chinese)
[4] 林元震.R与ASReml-R统计学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2017. LIN Y Z.Statistics of R and ASReml-R[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2017.(in Chinese)
[5] 乔国艳,袁超,郭婷婷,等.不同数据结构和动物模型对高山美利奴羊经济性状遗传参数估计的比较[J].中国畜牧兽医,2020,47(2):531-543. QIAO G Y,YUAN C,GUO T T,et al.Comparison of different data structures and animal models for genetic parameter estimation of economic traits of Alpine Merino sheep[J].China Animal Husbandry &Veterinary Medicine,2020,47(2):531-543.(in Chinese)
[6] LIU Y F,MATHUR P K.Simplifications of marker-assisted genetic evaluation and accounting for non-additive interaction effects[J].Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding,2005,48(5):460-474.
[7] 张沅.家畜育种规划[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2000. ZHANG Y.Breeding Plan in Domestic Animals[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[8] 孙好勤,时建忠.全国生猪遗传改良计划工作手册[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011. SUN H Q,SHI J Z.Working Manual of National Pig Genetic Improvement Program[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[9] 叶健,傅金銮,张锁宇,等.安徽省猪育种核心群场间联系性和遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(18):62-67. YE J,FU J L,ZHANG S Y,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters and connectedness in pig breeding nucleus herds of Anhui province[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(18):62-67.(in Chinese)
[10] 蒲强.两个山地型猪种主要繁殖性状的遗传参数计算及杂交利用研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016. PU Q.Estimates the genetic parameters for essential reproductive traits and cross utilization of two Chinese indigenous pig breeds[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[11] BRUBAKER M,LOFGREN D,EINSTEIN M,et al.Comparison of litter adjustment factors in Yorkshire and Landrace data[J].Journal of Animal Science,1994,72(10):1972-1994.
[12] 曹建新,齐莹莹,王钰龙,等.基于多性状动物模型估计大白猪、长白猪生长性状的遗传参数[J].畜牧与兽医,2017,49(11):154-156. CAO J X,QI Y Y,WANG Y L,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits of Large White and Landrace pigs based on multi-trait animal model[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,49(11):154-156.(in Chinese)
[13] 张锁宇,邱小田,丁向东,等.利用关联组估计中国大白、长白及杜洛克猪繁殖性状的遗传参数[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(3):429-438. ZHANG S Y,QIU X T,DING X D,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters by connecting groups for reproductive traits of Yorkshire,Landrace and Duroc pigs in China[J].Acta Veterinaria et ZootechnicaSinica,2016,47(3):429-438.(in Chinese)
[14] HUDSON G,KENNEDY B W.Genetic evaluation of swine for growth-rate and backfat thickness[J].Journal of Animal Science,1985,61(1):83-91.
[15] LUNDGREN H,CANARIO L,GRANDINSON K,et al.Genetic analysis of reproductive performance in Landrace sows and its correlation to piglet growth[J]. Livestock Science,2010,128(1-3):173-178.
[16] IMBOONTA N,RYDHMER L,TUMWASORN S.Genetic parameters for reproduction and production traits of Landrace sows in Thailand[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(1):53-59.
[17] ARANGO J,MISZTAL I,TSURUTA S,et al.Threshold-linear estimation of genetic parameters for farrowing mortality,litter size,and test performance of Large White sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(3):499-506.
[18] MESA H,SAFRANSKI T J,FISCHER K A,et al.Selection for placental efficiency in swine:Genetic parameters and trends[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(5):983-991.
[19] 白瑜.应用多性状动物模型BLUP和REML对中育猪配套系的遗传分析[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006. BAI Y.Genetic analysis on performance traits using multiple trait animal model BLUP and REML in Chinese hybrid pig[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese)
[20] 张盛男.种猪个体综合繁殖力遗传评估的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013. ZHANG S N.Research on genetic evaluation of swine individual comprehensive fertility[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[21] 杨岸奇,吴买生,向拥军,等.MTDFREML法估算沙子岭猪部分性状的遗传参数[J].养猪,2015,3:68-72. YANG A Q,WU M S,XIANG Y J,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for the majority traits of Shaziling swine using MTDFREML[J].Swine Production,2015,3:68-72.(in Chinese)
[22] CHEN P,BAAS T J,MABRY J W,et al.Genetic correlations between lean growth and litter traits in U.S.Yorkshire,Duroc,Hampshire,and Landrace pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(7):1700-1705.
[23] 陈海龙,张玉伦,孙强,等.美系大白猪繁殖性状和生长性状影响因素及遗传分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(S1):102-105. CHEN H L,ZHANG Y L,SUN Q,et al.Analysis of factors influencing reproductive and growth traits and estimation of genetic parameters of American Yorkshire pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021,57(S1):102-105.(in Chinese)
[24] 曹洪战,吴常信,芦春莲,等.双肌臀大白猪生长速度遗传力估计及选择性状比较[J].中国畜牧兽医,2003,30(4):23-25. CAO H Z,WU C X,LU C L,et al.Estimation of the heritability of growth rate on double muscle Large White swine and compare of the two chosen character of growth rate[J].China Animal Husbandry &Veterinary Medicine,2003,30(4):23-25.(in Chinese)
[25] 肖炜.北京地区种猪联合遗传评估的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2010. XIAO W.Research on swine regional joint breeding system in Beijing[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[26] 张广杰.大白猪主要生长性状遗传参数估计及其与相关基因多态性的关联分析[D].南宁:广西大学,2019. ZHANG G J.Estimation of genetic parameters of major growth traits in Yorkshire pig and its association with related gene polymorphisms[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2019.(in Chinese)
[27] CLUTTER A C,BRASCAMP E W.Genetics of Performance Traits[M].UK:CAB International,1998.
[28] 张婧.猪重要经济性状遗传参数估计[D].保定:河北农业大学,2020. ZHANG J.Estimation of genetic parameters of important economic traits in pigs[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese)
[29] CHEN P,BAAS T J,MABRY J W,et al.Genetic parameters and trends for litter traits in U.S.Yorkshire,Duroc,Hampshire,and Landrace Pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(1):46-53.
[30] TOMIYAMA M,KUBO S,TAKAGI T,et al.Evaluation of genetic trends and determination of the optimal number of cumulative records of parity required in reproductive traits in a Large White pig population[J].Animal Science Journal,2011,82(5):621-626.
[31] CRUMP R E,HALEY C S,THOMPSON R,et al.Individual animal model estimates of genetic parameters for performance test traits of male and female Landrace pigs tested in a commercial nucleus herd[J].Animal Science,1997,65(2):275-283.
[32] CAI W,CASEY D S,DEKKERS J C.Selection response and genetic parameters for residual feed intake in Yorkshire swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(2):287-298.
[33] KNAUER M T,CASSADY J P,NEWCOM D W,et al.Estimates of variance components for genetic correlations among swine estrus traits[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(9):2913-2919.
[34] HOQUE M A,KADOWAKI H,SHIBATA T,et al.Genetic parameters for measures of the efficiency of gain of boars and the genetic relationships with its component traits in Duroc pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2007,85(8):1873-1879.
[35] 沈君叶,俞英,王茜,等.母猪繁殖力性状影响因素分析及遗传参数估计[J].遗传,2012,34(5):591-596. SHEN J Y,YU Y,WANG Q,et al.Factors analysis and genetic parameter estimation of female reproductive traits in pigs[J].Hereditas,2012,34(5):591-596.(in Chinese)
[36] 邵宝全,叶绍潘,滕金言,等.大白猪繁殖性状的遗传参数估计及进展分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2020,56(10):36-40. SHAO B Q,YE S P,TENG J Y,et al.Estimation and analysis of genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Large White pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2020,56(10):36-40.(in Chinese)
[37] 施辉毕,王立刚,梁晶,等.大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计及影响因素的效应分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(6):1530-1537. SHI H B,WANG L G,LIANG J,et al.Genetic parameter estimation and affecting factor analysis of reproduction traits in Large White sow[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2015,42(6):1530-1537.(in Chinese)
[38] LOPEZ B,SONG C,SEO K.Genetic parameters and trends for production traits and their relationship with litter traits in Landrace and Yorkshire pigs[J]. Animal Science Journal,2018,89(10):1381-1388.
[39] 贺婕妤,王斌虎,廖柱,等.长白和大白猪主要生长性状的遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(8):2115-2123. HE J Y,WANG B H,LIAO Z,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of main growth traits in Landrace and Large White pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(8):2115-2123.(in Chinese)
[40] 张蕾.种猪繁殖与生长性状的遗传参数估计及影响因素分析[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2021. ZHANG L.Estimation of genetic parameters and analysis of influencing factors for reproductive and growth traits of breeding pigs[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2021.(in Chinese)
[41] 庄站伟,付帝生,丁荣荣,等.美系杜洛克种猪体尺性状遗传参数估计及其与生长性状的关系研究[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(7):121-125. ZHUANG Z W,FU D S,DING R R,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of body measurements traits and the relationship with growth traits in an American Duroc population[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(7):121-125.(in Chinese)
[42] SMITAL J,WOLF J,DE SOUSA L L.Estimation of genetic parameters of semen characteristics and reproductive traits in AI boars[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2005,86(1-2):119-130.
[43] NOGUERA J L,VARONA L,BABOT D,et al.Multivariate analysis of litter size for multiple parities with production traits in pigs:Ⅰ.Bayesian variance component estimation[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(10):2540-2547.
[44] SOLANES F X,REIXACH J,TOR M,et al.Genetic correlations and expected response for intramuscular fat content in a Duroc pig line[J].Livestock Science,2009,123(1):63-69.
[45] 任平平.大约克猪不同模型的遗传参数估计与遗传趋势分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017. REN P P.Estimation of genetic parameters and genetic trend analysis of Yorkshire pig by using different models[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[46] 沈秀平.江海杜洛克猪的遗传改良[D].上海:上海交通大学,2014. SHENG X P.The genetic improvement of Jianghai Duroc pigs[D].Shanghai:Shanghai JiaoTong University,2014.(in Chinese)