猪重大育种价值基因及挖掘技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.03.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着分子生物学和动物遗传育种技术的快速发展，对于畜禽优良性状的研究已从对表型选育进入到对单个或多个重要性状关联基因的分子选育，如对猪肉质性状的相关研究，在影响猪背膘厚、肌内脂肪含量、火腿重量等方面筛选到许多关键基因。近年来，非洲猪瘟肆虐，对猪抗病的研究再次成为热点，也发现了众多关键基因，如CD163直接参与了猪呼吸与繁殖综合征病毒的侵入机制。除了疾病的影响外，繁殖性状对养猪业的发展也起着至关重要的作用。随着研究人员对各重要性状研究的不断深入，现已积累了大量重要育种价值基因的多维数据，且由此开发出了多种基因筛选技术，尤其是CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术的发现及其作为全基因组筛选工具的成功应用，以及在后基因组时代功能基因组筛选与多组学的联合应用等，进一步推动了遗传育种领域的发展。作者系统总结了猪肉质、抗病及繁殖性状相关的重要育种价值基因及其挖掘技术，以期为猪的遗传改良提供指导性建议和参考。

关键词: 猪; 肉质; 抗病; 繁殖; 分子标记

Abstract: With the rapid development of molecular biology and animal genetics and breeding technology, the research on fine traits of livestock and poultry has also moved from phenotypic breeding to molecular breeding of genes associated with single or multiple important traits.For example, the research on the meat quality trait of pigs has obtained many key genes in affecting the backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content, ham weight and so on.In recent years, African swine fever has caused a great blow to the pig industry, and the research on pig disease has once again become a hot spot.In the study of disease resistance traits in pigs, many key genes, such as CD163, are directly involved in the invasion mechanism of Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus.In addition to the influence of disease, the reproductive traits of pigs also play a vital role in the development of pig industry.With the in-depth study of important traits, a large number of multidimensional data of important breeding value genes have been accumulated, and a variety of gene screening techniques have been developed, especially the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology and its successful application as a genome-wide screening tool, as well as the combined application of functional genomic screening and multi-omics in the post-genomic era, the application and development of these technologies have further promoted the development of the field of genetic breeding.The author systematically summarized important breeding value genes related to meat, disease resistance and reproductive traits and their mining technology in pigs, in orded to provide guiding suggestions and references for the genetic improvement of pigs.

Key words: pig; meat quality; disease resistance; reproductive; molecular markers

中图分类号:

S813.3

方钱海, 陈洪波, 毕延震. 猪重大育种价值基因及挖掘技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(3): 992-1004.

FANG Qianhai, CHEN Hongbo, BI Yanzhen. Research Progress on Important Breeding Value Genes and Screening Techniques of Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(3): 992-1004.

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