糊化阴离子盐和过瘤胃氯化胆碱对围产期奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2015.08.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究日粮中添加糊化阴离子盐和过瘤胃氯化胆碱(RPC)对围产期奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。采用随机分组试验设计,选取20头健康荷斯坦奶牛,按胎次(2~4)、年龄、上一胎次泌乳量和预产期相似原则分为4组,每组5头。对照组饲喂TMR日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂TMR日粮＋200 g糊化阴离子盐基础上分别添加10、20、30 g/(头·d)RPC。预试期7 d,正试期从预产期前21 d饲喂至产犊结束。结果表明:①各试验组产前21 d大部分时间点的干物质采食量(DMI)均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05);各试验组营养物质表观消化率普遍高于对照组,其中添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率(P< 0.05),各试验组钙(Ca)表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05),添加30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率(P< 0.05)。②各试验组产后90 d内的总泌乳量显著或极显著高于对照组(P< 0.05;P< 0.01);添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高饲料转化率(P< 0.05);添加30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高初乳中乳干物质率、乳蛋白率和乳脂率(P< 0.05)。③各试验组血清Ca²⁺含量显著高于对照组(P< 0.05);添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高部分时间点血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量(P< 0.05),显著降低部分时间点血浆总胆固醇(TCHO)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)和游离脂肪酸(NEFA)的含量(P< 0.05)。综上所述,围产前期添加阴离子盐和PRC能提高奶牛产前干物质采食量和部分营养物质表观消化率,改善围产期血钙和血脂代谢,提高生产性能和饲料转化率,围产期奶牛日粮在添加200 g糊化阴离子盐的基础上,PRC的最适添加量为30 g/(头·d)。

关键词: 围产期奶牛; 糊化阴离子盐; 过瘤胃氯化胆碱; 生产性能; 血液生化指标

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of pasting anionic salt and RPC on production performance and blood biochemical indexes of perinatal dairy cows.Using randomized trial design, 20 healthy Holstein cows which according to the tire time (2 to 4), age, last time lactation quantity and parturition date were chosen.They were divided into four groups, 5 cows per group.The control group was fed TMR diet, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ groups were fed the basal diet +200 g pasting anion salt and supplemented with 10, 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC, respectively.There were 7 days to pilot test, formal test was from antenatal 21 d to parturition.The results showed that:①DMI of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group during most of antenatal 21 days (P< 0.05);The nutrients apparent digestibility of all experimental groups were generally higher than that of control group;Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, ADF (P< 0.05);The apparent digestibility of Ca of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05);Add 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the apparent digestibility of EE (P< 0.05).②Among postpartal 90 days, the total milk yield of all experimental groups were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01);Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly enhanced the feed conversion rate (P< 0.05);Add 30 g/(head·d) RPC was improved the percentage of milk dry matter, milk protein and milk fat of colostrum (P< 0.05).③Serum Ca²⁺ concentration of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05);Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the part time plasma TG levels (P< 0.05), significantly reduced the part time plasma contents of TCHO, BHBA and NEFA (P< 0.05).In conclusion, among the perinatal period added pasting anionic salt and RPC could improve early prenatal DMI and part nutrients apparent digestibility, improve perinatal blood calcium and blood lipid metabolism, and enhance the production performance and feed conversion rate, based on adding 200 g pasting anion salt among early perinatal, the best add amount of RPC was 30 g/(head·d).

Key words: perinatal dairy cows; pasting anion salt; RPC; production performance; blood biochemical indexes

中图分类号:

S823

孔平, 陈红莉, 王树杰, 徐娜, 吴妍妍, 高巍. 糊化阴离子盐和过瘤胃氯化胆碱对围产期奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J]. , 2015, 42(8): 2011-2019.

KONG Ping, CHEN Hong-li, WANG Shu-jie, XU Na, WU Yan-yan, GAO Wei. Effects of Pasting Anionic Salt and RPC on Production Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Perinatal Dairy Cows[J]. , 2015, 42(8): 2011-2019.

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