Abstract: The utilization and regulation of oxygen is the basic conditions or survival with the college life, hypoxia is also the development of the basic pathological and physiological for many major diseases, the altitude hypoxia resides in 2.2 million square kilometers plateau in China, and important evolutionary mechanism altitude acclimatization and hypoxia adaptation related gene with the highland national and animal have been discovered the gene of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hemoglobin (Hb)and energy metabolism enzymes, the high-throughput detection developing about gene chip and deep sequencing. Molecular regulation of hypoxia response network has been further clarity.

Key words: highland; hypoxia adaptation; candidate gene; gene network