短期添加高水平亚麻籽对奶牛生产性能、牛奶脂肪酸组成和瘤胃发酵的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.11.005

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of short-term addition of high-level flaxseed on production performance, fatty acid profiles of milk and rumen fermentation. Thirty healthy mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar body weight were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly, and fed basal pasture diet (CK group), 3 000 g/d (13.01% of DM) whole flaxseed diet (WF group), and 3 000 g/d (13.01% of DM) ground flaxseed diet (GF group) respectively. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks, first week was aim to adapt the feeding environmental, 2 to 6 weeks was the feed adaptation period, and the 7th week was the test period. Daily feed intake and milk production were recorded during the test period. Milk samples and rumen fluid samples were collected on the last day of the test, and the fatty acid composition of the milk and rumen fluid was determined by GC-MS. The results showed that:①Compared with CK group, the addition of 3 000 g/d flaxseed had no significant effect on dry matter intake and milk production for dairy cows (P>0.05). The milk fat rate and milk protein rate of GF group had a lower tendency than that of CK group (0.05<P<0.1). ②The 3 000 g/d flaxseed addition increased the production of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and ω-3 PUFA of milk compared with CK group (P<0.05), and the production of ALA and ω-3 PUFA in GF group were significantly higher than that in WF group (P<0.05). ③The rumen pH of WF group was significantly lower than that of CK and GF groups (P<0.05), and the NH₃-N concentration of WF group was significantly higher than that of CK and GF groups (P<0.05). The acetic to propionic acid ratio in GF group was significantly lower than that in CK group (P<0.05). In summary, short-term addition of high level whole flaxseed and ground flaxseed in the diet did not affect the dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows, but the ALA content in milk was increased, and the improvement effect of GF group was more obvious than that of WF group. However, the addition of high-level ground flaxseed had a tendency to reduce the milk protein rate and milk fat rate, and the high-level whole flaxseed affects the internal environment of the rumen of dairy cows. Therefore, the amount of flaxseed added and its feeding form should be controlled to increase the ALA content in milk while reducing the impact of flaxseed on rumen fermentation.

Key words: flaxseed; dairy cows; α-linolenic acid; ω-3 PUFA; production performance; rumen environment

CLC Number:

S816.4

LI Ning, ZHANG Yangdong, HUANG Guoxin, LIU Kaizhen, ZHENG Nan, WANG Jiaqi, ZANG Changjiang. Effects of Short-term Addition of High-level Flaxseeds on Dairy Performance, Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk and Rumen Fermentation[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(11): 3950-3961.

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Effects of Short-term Addition of High-level Flaxseeds on Dairy Performance, Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk and Rumen Fermentation

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