赭曲霉毒素A对畜禽的毒性作用及其缓解措施

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)是霉菌毒素的一种，污染范围极广，广泛存在于玉米、小麦等饲料原料中。OTA被动物从肠胃吸收后，通过动物体内循环系统对畜禽造成肾脏毒性、肝脏毒性、肠道毒性、免疫毒性和致癌致畸性等，进而对畜禽的健康和养殖生产造成严重的危害。因此，研究如何缓解OTA的毒性作用及缓解策略显得尤为重要。生物缓解策略主要包括酵母菌和芽孢杆菌等微生物缓解措施及酶降解措施。除生物缓解之外，营养缓解措施包括植物提取物、维生素、微量元素、氨基酸等，对OTA毒性也具有良好的缓解作用。作者就OTA对畜禽的毒性作用进行了总结，并重点综述了缓解OTA毒性作用的生物和营养缓解策略的研究进展，以期为缓解霉菌毒素对畜禽健康养殖的危害进而促进畜禽高质量发展提供参考。

关键词: 赭曲霉毒素A(OTA); 畜禽; 毒性作用; 缓解措施

Abstract: Ochratoxin a (OTA) is a type of mycotoxin that has a wide range of contamination and widely exists in wheat,corn and other feed ingredients.After absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract,OTA diffuses to the liver and kidney through the circulatory system of animals,causing nephrotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,enterotoxicity,immunotoxin,carcinogenicity and teratogenicity and other toxic effects to livestock and poultry,thus causing serious harm to the health and production of livestock and poultry.Therefore,it is urgent to study how to alleviate the toxic effect of OTA.Biological mitigation strategies mainly included microbial mitigation measures such as yeast,Bacillus and enzymatic degradation measures.In addition to biological mitigation,nutritional mitigation measures including plant extracts,vitamins,trace elements,amino acids,etc.,which can also have a good mitigation effect on OTA toxicity.The authors summarize the toxic effects of OTA on livestock and poultry,and focuse on the research progress on biological and nutritional mitigation strategies to alleviate the toxic effects of OTA,in order to provide a reference for alleviating the harm of mycotoxins to the healthy breeding of livestock and poultry and promoting the high-quality development of livestock and poultry.

Key words: ochratoxin A (OTA); livestock and poultry; toxic effect; mitigation measure

中图分类号:

S852.4⁺4

吴晨辉, 涂羽昂, 刘皓洋, 单体中. 赭曲霉毒素A对畜禽的毒性作用及其缓解措施[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(12): 5254-5264.

WU Chenhui, TU Yuang, LIU Haoyang, SHAN Tizhong. Toxic Effects of Ochratoxin A on Livestock and Poultry and Its Mitigation Measures[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(12): 5254-5264.

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