竹醋在猪、鸡生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 竹醋是竹材热解的副产物，含有多种有机化合物，具有明显的抑菌效果。由于竹醋中含有多种抗菌成分，有害微生物同时对这些物质产生抗性机制的可能性微乎其微，故竹醋作为抗生素的替代品应用在畜禽养殖领域的潜力较大。但国内外关于竹醋类产品在动物生产中应用的研究报道较少，已有的报道大多以猪和鸡为研究对象。笔者总结了竹醋在猪、鸡养殖上的应用效果及其作用机制，其可通过调控肠道微生物区系减少仔猪腹泻，且表现出类似于酸化剂的选择性抗菌特性，如减少肠道大肠杆菌数量、增加乳酸菌数量。竹醋还具有改善鸡肠道形态和提高蛋壳质量等作用。虽然竹醋与抗生素在促生长方面的效果相似，但竹醋在改善肉品质和提高其营养价值方面的效果优于抗生素。竹醋对动物健康的积极影响归因于其含有的有机酸、酚类、醛类、酮类、醇类等成分的综合作用，所以目前仍有许多问题需进一步研究，如竹醋中关键活性物质的鉴别、建立竹醋的营养成分数据库等。未来竹醋在畜牧生产中的应用研究应侧重于以下几方面：一是开展安全性评估，确保竹醋作为饲料添加剂的安全性；二是开展加工工艺研究，提高竹醋产品的活性成分含量；三是加强应用技术研究与应用效果评估，扩大产品在畜牧业中的应用范围。

关键词: 竹醋; 猪; 鸡; 抗菌活性

Abstract: Bamboo vinegar is a by-product of bamboo pyrolysis,containing a variety of organic compounds and having a significant antibacterial effect.Because bamboo vinegar contains many antibacterial components,the possibility of harmful microorganisms developing resistance to it is extremely small,bamboo vinegar has great potential as an alternative to antibiotics in livestock breeding.However,there are few research reports on the application of bamboo vinegar in animal production.Most of the reports focus on pigs and chickens.The authors summarized the effects and possible mechanisms of bamboo vinegar products in pig and poultry.It can reduce diarrhea in piglets by regulating the intestinal microbial flora,and exhibit selective antibacterial properties similar to acidifiers,such as reducing E.coli and increasing lactic acid bacteria.Bamboo vinegar also improves the intestinal morphology of chickens and enhances the quality of eggshells.Although bamboo vinegar and antibiotics have similar effects on promoting growth of animals,bamboo vinegar is better in improving meat quality and increasing its nutritional value.The positive impacts of bamboo vinegar on animal health can be attributed to the combined effects of its components including organic acids,phenols,aldehydes,ketones,and alcohols etc. There are still many issues that require further research,such as the identification of key active substances in bamboo vinegar,and the establishment of a database of its nutritional components.Research on the application of bamboo vinegar in the future should focus on the following aspects.Firstly,conducting safety assessments to ensure the safety of bamboo vinegar as a feed additive. Secondly,conducting research on processing technology to increase the content of active ingredients in products,and the third is strengthening the study of applied technologies and evaluating application effects to expand the scope of product application.

Key words: bamboo vinegar; pig; chicken; antibacterial activity

中图分类号:

S816.7

计峰, 叶满红, 汤锋. 竹醋在猪、鸡生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1141-1149.

JI Feng, YE Manhong, TANG Feng. Research Progresses on Application of Bamboo Vinegar in Production of Pig and Chicken[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1141-1149.

参考文献

[1] 国家林业和草原局.中国森林资源报告(2014—2018)[R].北京：中国林业出版社,2019. NATIONAL FORESTRY AND GRASSLAND ADMINISTRATION.China forest resources report (2014-2018)[R].Beijing:China Forestry Press,2019.(in Chinese)
[2] 普少瑕.竹醋液在肉鸡生产中的应用研究[D].南京：南京农业大学,2014. PU S X.Applied research of bamboo vinegar feed additive in broiler chickens[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[3] 欧敏锐,李忠琴,周训胜,等.福建产竹醋液(竹沥)的组分分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2003,3:360-363. OU M R,LI Z Q,ZHOU X S,et al.Analysis on bamboo vinegar produced in Fujian[J].Journal of Fuzhou University (Natural Science),2003,3:360-363.(in Chinese)
[4] 闫孟鹤.竹醋液对夏季湿热环境下蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及抗氧化功能的影响[D].南京：南京农业大学,2020. YAN M H.Effects of bamboo vinegar on production performance,egg quality and antioxidant capacity of laying hens in a hot-humid environment in summer[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese)
[5] 刘正旭.竹酢粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫机能及肠道微生物区系的影响[D].扬州：扬州大学,2016. LIU Z X.Effects of bamboo vinegar powder on production performance,immune function and intestinal microflora community of weaned piglets[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2016.(in Chinese)
[6] GAMA G,PIMENTA A S,FEIJO F,et al.The potential of wood vinegar to replace antimicrobials used in animal husbandry—A review[J].Animals (Basel),2024,14:381.
[7] 秦玲.竹醋杀菌消毒剂研究[D].合肥：安徽农业大学,2010. QIN L.Study on sterillization and disinfection of bamboo vinegar agent[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[8] 汤锋.全竹化学利用的思考[J].世界竹藤通讯,2019，6:5-8. TANG F.Thoughts on the chemical utilization of whole bamboo[J].World Bamboo and Rattan,2019，6:5-8.(in Chinese)
[9] 陈顺伟,邵素芬,庄晓伟,等.精制竹醋液的安全性毒理学评价[J].竹子研究汇刊,2007，3:41-44. CHEN S W,SHAO S F,ZHUANG X W,et al.Safety and toxicological evaluation of refined bamboo vinegar[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2007，3:41-44.(in Chinese)
[10] SALISBURY J G,NICHOLLS T J,LAMMERDING A M,et al.A risk analysis framework for the long-term management of antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2002,20(3):153-164.
[11] 孙雨晴.复合植物提取物的组方、安全性评价及其在小鼠上的应用研究[D].金华：浙江师范大学,2012. SUN Y Q.The components,safety evaluation,and application study on mouse of the compound plant extracts[D].Jinghua:Zhejiang Normal University,2012.(in Chinese)
[12] 陶新,孙雨晴,门小明,等.复合植物提取物替代饲用抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):163-169. TAO X,SUN Y Q,MEN X M,et al.Effects of composite plant extracts replacing feed antibiotics on growth performance and serum indexes of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(1):163-169.(in Chinese)
[13] BAIMARK Y,NIAMSA N S.Study on wood vinegars for use as coagulating and antifungal agents on the production of natural rubber sheets[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2009，6-7:994-998.
[14] SURESH G,PAKDEL H,ROUISSI T,et al.Evaluation of pyroligneous acid as a therapeutic agent against Salmonella in a simulated gastrointestinal tract of poultry[J].Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,2020,51(3):1309-1316.
[15] 蒋竹英,李铁军,唐利华,等.竹炭和竹醋液对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生理生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2013,32(3):88-93. JIANG Z Y,LI T J,TANG L H,et al.Effects of bamboo-carbon and bamboo vinegar on blood indexes and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2013,32(3):88-93.(in Chinese)
[16] WANG H F,WANG J L,WANG C,et al.Effect of bamboo vinegar as an antibiotic alternative on growth performance and fecal bacterial communities of weaned piglets[J].Livestock Science,2012，1-2:173-180.
[17] WANG H,GAO K,WANG C,et al.Effects of feeding bamboo vinegar and acidifier as an antibiotic substitute on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section A-Animal Science,2013,3:143-150.
[18] 蒋竹英.脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染饲粮添加竹炭和竹醋液对断奶仔猪的影响研究[D].长沙：湖南农业大学,2013. JIANG Z Y.Effects of adding bamboo-carbon and bamboo vinegar to the diets contaminated by deoxynivalenol on weaner piglets[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[19] AKAKABE Y,TAMURA Y,IWAMOTO S,et al.Volatile organic compounds with characteristic odor in bamboo vinegar[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,2006,70(11):2797-2799.
[20] HUO Y,LIU Z,XUAN H,et al.Effects of bamboo vinegar powder on growth performance and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-10,interleukin-22,and interleukin-25 in immune organs of weaned piglets[J].Animal Nutrition,2016,2(2):111-118.
[21] KOOK K,JEONG J H,KIM K H.The effects of supplemental levels of bamboo vinegar liquids on growth performance,serum profile,carcass grade,and meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Technology,2005,5:721-730.
[22] YAN L,KIM I H,HUH K.Influence of bamboo vinegar supplementation on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,blood characteristics,meat quality,fecal noxious gas content,and fecal microbial concentration in finishing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2012,3:240-246.
[23] CHU G M,JUNG C K,KIM H Y,et al.Effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar as antibiotic alternatives on growth performance,immune responses and fecal microflora population in fattening pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2013,84(2):113-120.
[24] HO C L,LIN C Y,KA S M,et al.Bamboo vinegar decreases inflammatory mediator expression and NLRP inflammasome activation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and protein kinase C-alpha/delta activation[J].PLoS One,2013,8(10):e75738.
[25] YU L H,PENG Z,DONG L,et al.Bamboo vinegar powder supplementation improves the antioxidant ability of the liver in finishing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2018,1:80-86.
[26] 董丽,仲召鑫,王淑楠,等.竹酢粉对育肥猪肉品质和风味的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):916-922. DONG L,ZHONG Z X,WANG S N,et al.Effects of bamboo vinegar powder on meat quality and meat flavor of finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(3):916-922.(in Chinese)
[27] POKORNY J,YANISHLIEVA N,GORDON M.Antioxidants in Food[M].Cambridge:Elsevier Science & Technology,2001.
[28] STIVARIUS M R,POHLMAN F W,MCELYEA K S,et al.Effects of hot water and lactic acid treatment of beef trimmings prior to grinding on microbial,instrumental color and sensory properties of ground beef during display[J].Meat Science,2002,60(4):327-334.
[29] KOOK K,KIM K H.The Effects of supplemental levels of bamboo vinegar on growth performance,serum profile and meat quality in fattening Hanwoo cow[J].Journal of Animal Science and Technology,2003,1:57-68.
[30] SIMITZIS P E,DELIGEORGIS S G,BIZELIS J A,et al.Effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics[J].Meat Science,2008,79(2):217-223.
[31] GLADINE C,MORAND C,ROCK E,et al.Plant extracts rich in polyphenols (PERP) are efficient antioxidants to prevent lipoperoxidation in plasma lipids from animals fed n-3 PUFA supplemented diets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,3-4:281-296.
[32] QIN W Y,GAN L N,DONG L,et al.Effect of bamboo vinegar powder on the expression of the immune-related genes MyD88 and CD14 in weaning piglets[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2018,21(3):525-532.
[33] KWON I K,SONG Y H,SHINDE P L,et al.Effect of wood vinegar on the performance,nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora in weanling pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,2:267-274.
[34] QU H,HUANG Y,SHI Y,et al.Effect of bamboo vinegar powder as an antibiotic alternative on the digesta bacteria communities of finishing pigs[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2018,64(10):732-743.
[35] RUTTANAVUT J,YAMAUCHI K,GOTO H,et al.Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on growth performance and histological intestinal change in Aigamo ducks[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2009(3):229-236.
[36] RATTANAWUT J,TODSADEE A,RATTANAPUN W.Supplemental effect of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar,alone or in combination,on laying hen performance,egg quality,intestinal bacterial populations and alteration of intestinal villi[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2021(1):2211-2219.
[37] YAMAUCHI K,RUTTANAVUT J,TAKENOYAMA S.Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on chicken performance and histological alterations of intestine[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2010,2:257-268.
[38] RATTANAWUT J,YAMAUCHI K.Growth performance,carcass traits and histological changes in the intestinal villi of male broiler chickens fed dietary silicic acid powder containing bamboo vinegar liquid[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2015,1:48-52.
[39] 易先国.饲用竹醋对产蛋后期母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、肠道菌落及绒毛形态的影响[J].中国饲料,2020,8:41-45. YI X G.Effects of feed bamboo vinegar on the production performance,egg quality,intestinal flora and villi morphology of laying hens during late period[J].China Feed,2020,8:41-45.(in Chinese)
[40] RATTANAWUT J,PIMPA O,YAMAUCHI K E.Effects of dietary bamboo vinegar supplementation on performance,eggshell quality,ileal microflora composition,and intestinal villus morphology of laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,89(11):1572-1580.
[41] RATTANAWUT J,TRAIRABEAP D,KARRILA S J,et al.Production performance,egg quality,and fecal bacterial population of laying ducks fed ration supplemented by bamboo vinegar[J].Tropical Animal Science Journal,2019,3:224-229.
[42] RATTANAWUT J S,SUP A T,SUP K Y.Effect of dietary supplementation of silicic acid powder containing bamboo vinegar on production performance,egg quality,intestinal microflora,and morphology of laying hens[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2018,1:119-125.
[43] 闫孟鹤,郗蒙雪,崔宇,等.竹醋液对夏季蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及粪便氨气含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2020,43(5):942-949. YAN M H,XI M X,CUI Y,et al.Effects of bamboo vinegar on egg production performance,egg quality and fecal ammonia content of laying hens in summer[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2020,43(5):942-949.(in Chinese)
[44] SAMANTA S,HALDAR S,GHOSH T K.Comparative efficacy of an organic acid blend and bacitracin methylene disalicylate as growth promoters in broiler chickens:Effects on performance,gut histology,and small intestinal milieu[J].Veterinary Medicine International,2010,2010:645150.
[45] RATTANAWUT J,PIMPA O,VENKATACHALAM K,et al.Effects of bamboo charcoal powder,bamboo vinegar,and their combination in laying hens on performance,egg quality,relative organ weights,and intestinal bacterial populations[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2021,53(1):83.
[46] ABDEL-FATTAH S A,EL-SANHOURY M H,EL-MEDNAY N M,et al.Thyroid activity,some blood constituents,organs morphology and performance of broiler chicks fed supplemental organic acids[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2008,3:215-222.
[47] JACELA J Y,DEROUCHEY J M,TOKACH M D,et al.Feed additives for swine:Fact sheets-acidifiers and antibiotics[J].Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports,2009,10:270-275.
[48] WANG L,GE S,LIU Z,et al.Properties of antibacterial bioboard from bamboo macromolecule by hot press[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2018,25(3):465-468.
[49] KOOK K,KIM J E,JUNG K H,et al.Effect of supplemental bamboo vinegar on production and meat quality of meat-type ducks[J].Korean Journal of Poultry Science,2002,4:293-300.
[50] PACHECO-ORDAZ R,WALL-MEDRANO A,GONI M G,et al.Effect of phenolic compounds on the growth of selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2018,1:25-31.
[51] RAFACZ-LIVINGSTON K A,PARSONS C M,JUNGK R A.The effects of various organic acids on phytate phosphorus utilization in chicks[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(9):1356-1362.
[52] KNEKT P,KUMPULAINEN J,JARVINEN R,et al.Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2002,76(3):560-568.