安静型与活泼型工作犬肠道菌群组成的差异性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过比较安静型与活泼型工作犬肠道微生物群落结构的差异，明确神经类型与肠道微生物的关联，为工作犬的早期筛选和行为训练提供科学依据。【方法】试验采用配对设计，以神经类型为唯一变量将14只马里努阿犬(12月龄，体重为25.62 kg±2.23 kg，公犬8只，母犬6只)分为安静型与活泼型两组，每组7个重复，每个重复1只犬。试验共30 d，其中前7 d为适应期，后23 d为正式试验期。最后1 d收集新鲜粪便用于高通量测序，分析两种神经类型犬粪便微生物群落结构的差异及其与神经类型之间的联系。【结果】①Alpha多样性分析显示，安静型犬粪便菌群的Chao1指数显著低于活泼型犬(P＜0.05)，但Shannon指数无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。Beta多样性分析显示，两组犬粪便菌群的整体结构存在显著差异(R²＝0.59，P＜0.01)；②门水平上，所有犬粪便菌群中共鉴定出5个相对丰度>1%的菌门，安静型犬粪便菌群中的梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度极显著高于活泼型犬(P＜0.01)，而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度显著低于活泼型犬(P＜0.05)；属水平上，所有犬粪便菌群中共鉴定出8个相对丰度>5%的菌属，安静型犬粪便中的梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和未分类紫单胞菌属(unclassified-Porphyromonadaceae)的相对丰度显著高于活泼型犬(P＜0.05)，而粪便菌群中的异杆菌属(Allobaculum)、经黏液真杆菌属(Blautia)、梭菌属-ⅪⅤa (Clostridium-ⅪⅤa)、梭菌属-Ⅺ(Clostridium-Ⅺ)和普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)的相对丰度显著低于活泼型犬(P＜0.05)。③通过LEfSe分析发现，特定菌群如Fusobacteria及其分支和Proteobacteria在安静型犬粪便中显著富集(P＜0.05)，而Firmicutes及其分支在活泼型犬粪便中显著富集(P＜0.05)。【结论】肠道微生物群落结构可能与犬神经类型存在紧密联系，并可能通过肠道-微生物群-大脑轴影响宿主的行为和情绪。本研究为分析工作犬神经类型与肠道微生物之间的关系提供了新见解，可为工作犬的早期筛选和行为训练提供科学依据。

关键词: 工作犬; 神经类型; 肠道微生物结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to compare the gut microbiota composition between quiet and lively dogs,elucidating the link between neurotype and intestinal microbiota,thereby providing a scientific basis for early screening and behavioral training of working dogs.【Method】 A paired design was adopted in the experiment,with neurotype as the only variable.fourteen Malinois dogs (12-month-old,mean weight was 25.62 kg±2.23 kg,eight males,six females) were divided into quiet and lively groups,each with 7 replicates and one dog per replicate.The experimental period was 30 days,comprised a 7-day adaptation phase followed by a 23-day experimental phase.On the final day,fresh feces were collected for high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial community differences and their associations with neurotypes.【Result】 ①The α-diversity analysis showed that Chao1 index of fecal microbiota of dogs in quiet group was lower than those of lively group (P＜0.05),with no significant difference in Shannon index (P＞0.05).β-diversity analysis revealed significant differences in overall fecal microbiota composition between two groups (R²＝0.59,P＜0.01).②At the phylum level,five bacterial phyla with relative abundance greater than 1% were identified in the fecal microbiota of all dogs.The relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria in the fecal microbiota of quiet dogs were extremely significantly higher than those in lively dogs (P＜0.01),and were significantly lower than those of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (P＜0.05).At the genus level,eight bacterial genera with relative abundance greater than 5% were identified in fecal microbiota of all dogs.The relative abundances of Fusobacterium,Lactobacillus,and unclassified-Porphyromonadaceae in feces of quiet dogs were significantly higher than those in lively dogs (P＜0.05),while the relative abundances of Allobaculum,Blautia,Clostridium-ⅩⅣa,Clostridium-Ⅺ and Prevotella were lower than those in lively dogs (P＜0.05).③LEfSe analysis highlighted significant enrichment of Fusobacteria and its subclasses,along with Proteobacteria in fecal microbiota of quiet group,while Firmicutes and its subclasses in lively group (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Gut microbiota composition might be intimately related to dog neurotypes,potentially influencing behavior and mood via the gut-microbiota-brain axis.This study could offer novel insights into the relationship between neurotypes and gut microbiota in working dogs,informing early screening and behavioral training strategies.

Key words: working dog; neurological type; intestinal microbial structure

中图分类号:

S829.2

刘成武, 宋明强, 周士兵, 赵健黎, 王文星. 安静型与活泼型工作犬肠道菌群组成的差异性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1131-1140.

LIU Chengwu, SONG Mingqiang, ZHOU Shibing, ZHAO Jianli, WANG Wenxing. Differential Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition Between Quiet and Lively Working Dogs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1131-1140.

参考文献

[1] LUQMAN A,HE M,HASSAN A,et al.Mood and microbes:A comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota’s impact on depression[J].Frontiers in Psychiatry,2024,15:1295766.
[2] MÖRKL S,BUTLER M I,LACKNER S.Advances in the gut microbiome and mood disorders[J].Current Opinion in Psychiatry,2023,36(1):1-7.
[3] TILLISCH K,MAYER E A,GUPTA A,et al.Brain structure and response to emotional stimuli as related to gut microbial profiles in healthy women[J].Psychosomatic Medicine,2017,79(8):905-913.
[4] DICKS L M.Our mental health is determined by an intrinsic interplay between the central nervous system,enteric nerves,and gut microbiota[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2023,25(1):38.
[5] GENEROSO J S,GIRIDHARAN V V,LEE J,et al.The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders[J].Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry,2020,43:293-305.
[6] GAN L,BO T,LIU W,et al.The gut microbiota may affect personality in Mongolian gerbils[J].Microorganisms,2022,10(5):1054.
[7] SCALDAFERRI F,DONOFRIO A M,CALIA R,et al.Gut microbiota signatures are associated with psychopathological profiles in patients with ulcerative colitis:Results from an Italian tertiary IBD center[J].Inflammatory Bowel Diseases,2023,29(11):1805-1818.
[8] 纪捷.话说犬的神经类型及其特征[J].中国工作犬业,2010,5:46-48. JI J.A discourse on canine neurotypes and their distinctive attributes[J].Chinese Working Dog Industry,2010,5:46-48.(in Chinese)
[9] NRC.Nutritional Requirements of Dogs and Cats[M].National Academy of Sciences,2006.
[10] POSLUNS J A,ANDERSON R E,WALSH C J.Comparing two canine personality assessments:Convergence of the MCPQ-R and DPQ and consensus between dog owners and dog walkers[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2017,188:68-76.
[11] 董建一,许尧,胡雨奇,等.导盲犬和淘汰犬肠道菌群的差异性研究[J].实验动物科学,2019,36(3):40-47. DONG J Y,XU Y,HU Y Q,et al.Analysis of the differences of gut microbiota between guide dogs and eliminated dogs[J].Laboratory Animal Science,2019,36(3):40-47.(in Chinese)
[12] LI Q,LAUBER C L,CZARNECKI-MAULDEN G,et al.Effects of the dietary protein and carbohydrate ratio on gut microbiomes in dogs of different body conditions[J].mBio,2017,8(1):e01703-e01716.
[13] YAMASHIRO K,TAKABAYASHI K,KAMAGATA K,et al.Free water in gray matter linked to gut microbiota changes with decreased butyrate producers in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment[J].Neurobiology of Disease,2024,193:106464.
[14] STOPI AN＇G SKA K,RADZIWO AN＇G -ZALESKA M,DOMITRZ I.The microbiota-gut-brain axis as a key to neuropsychiatric disorders:A mini review[J].Journal of Clinical Medicine,2021,10(20):4640.
[15] MURRAY E R,KEMP M,NGUYEN T T.The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s disease:A review of taxonomic alterations and potential avenues for interventions[J].Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,2022,37(3):595-607.
[16] STROMPFOVA V,LAUKOVA A,GANCARCIKOVA S.Effectivity of freeze-dried form of Lactobacillus fermentum AD1-CCM7421 in dogs[J].Folia Microbiologica,2012,57:347-350.
[17] KAUR H,BOSE C,MANDE S S.Tryptophan metabolism by gut microbiome and gut-brain-axis:An in silico analysis[J].Frontiers in Neuroscience,2019,13:493713.
[18] SU C K,CHAI C Y.GABAergic inhibition of neonatal rat phrenic motoneurons[J].Neuroscience Letters,1998,248(3):191-194.
[19] SIVAMARUTHI B S,KESIKA P,CHAIYASUT C.Influence of probiotic supplementation on health status of the dogs:A review[J].Applied Sciences,2021,11(23):11384.
[20] XU H Y,HUANG W Q,HOU Q C,et al.Oral administration of compound probiotics improved canine feed intake,weight gain,immunity and intestinal microbiota [J].Frontiers in Immunology,2019,10:394673.
[21] ZHAO L P,WU J,QUAN W,et al.DSS-induced acute colitis causes dysregulated tryptophan metabolism in brain:An involvement of gut microbiota[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2023,115:109282.
[22] BAI H,LIU T,WANG S,et al.Variations in gut microbiome and metabolites of dogs with acute diarrhea in poodles and Labrador retrievers[J].Archives of Microbiology,2023,205(3):97.
[23] WANG K J,ZHOU M,GONG X Y,et al.Starch-protein interaction effects on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in host[J].Frontiers in Nutrition,2022,9:1018026.
[24] 徐嘉琦,林以宁.肠道菌群调控肥胖症脂质代谢机制的研究进展[J].药学研究,2023,42(7):489-494. XU J Q,LIN Y N.Research progress on regulation of lipid metabolism by intestinal flora in obesity[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,2023,42(7):489-494.(in Chinese)
[25] BARTON L L,RITZ N L,FAUQUE G D,et al.Sulfur cycling and the intestinal microbiome[J].Digestive Diseases and Sciences,2017,62:2241-2257.
[26] DE CLERCQ N C,FRISSEN M N,GROEN A K,et al.Gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis:New insights in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome[J].Psychosomatic Medicine,2017,79(8):874-879.