鸡球虫病流行病学特征及植物提取物在其防治中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鸡球虫病主要由艾美耳属多种球虫寄生于肠道上皮细胞，从而引发的一种严重威胁鸡肠道健康的寄生虫疾病，其病症的严重程度与宿主鸡的品种和日龄、饲养管理、饲料营养及球虫的种类、感染剂量等因素密切相关。抗球虫药物是预防和控制球虫病的主要手段，但易出现耐药性与药物残留等食品安全问题。近年来，植物提取物凭借其天然安全与营养保健等多重优势在球虫病防治方面备受关注。植物提取物可对球虫生命周期的不同阶段进行干预来防治球虫病，如抑制球虫发育、破坏球虫生理结构、破坏卵囊形态等，从而改善鸡肠道抗氧化性能，提高其生产性能和饲料转化效率。在不产生耐药性的基础上，植物提取物可有效控制球虫的传播，减轻球虫危害、提升机体免疫力、调节肠道微生物群。笔者系统梳理了鸡球虫病的病因、影响球虫病危害程度的因素以及常见植物提取物在鸡球虫病预防、治疗和免疫调节方面的应用效果及其作用机理，旨在为植物提取物在鸡球虫病防控中的开发与应用提供参考。

关键词: 鸡球虫病; 艾美耳球虫; 植物提取物; 预防

Abstract: Chicken coccidiosis is a kind of parasitic disease which is caused by many coccidids of Eimeria mainly parasitizing intestinal epithelial cells,which seriously threatens the intestinal health of chickens.The severity of the disease is closely related to the variety and age of the host chickens,feeding management,feed nutrition,coccidia species,infection dose and other factors.Anticoccidiosis drugs are the main means to prevent and control coccidiosis,but drug resistance and drug residues are easy to appear in food safety problems. In recent years,plant extracts have attracted much attention in coccidiosis control due to their natural safety and nutritional health advantages.Plant extracts can intervene in different stages of coccidiosis life cycle to control coccidiosis,such as inhibiting the development of coccidiosis,destroying the physiological structure of coccidiosis,destroying the morphology of oocysts,so as to improve the antioxidant properties of chicken intestinal tract,improve its production performance and feed conversion efficiency.On the basis of not producing drug resistance,plant extracts can effectively control the spread of coccidia,reduce the harm of coccidia,enhance the immunity,and regulate the intestinal microflora.The author systematically reviewed the etiology of chicken coccidiosis,the factors affecting the severity of coccidiosis,and the application effect and mechanism of common plant extracts in the prevention,treatment and immune regulation of chicken coccidiosis,aiming to provide reference for the development and application of plant extracts in the prevention and control of chicken coccidiosis.

Key words: chicken coccidiosis; Eimeria; plant extract; prevention

中图分类号:

S855.9

林永鑫, 黄奥林, 张振一, 张华琦, 杨志凌, 朱勇文. 鸡球虫病流行病学特征及植物提取物在其防治中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 855-863.

LIN Yongxin, HUANG Aolin, ZHANG Zhenyi, ZHANG Huaqi, YANG Zhiling, ZHU Yongwen. Epidemiological Characteristics of Chicken Coccidiosis and Application of Plant Extracts in Its Prevention[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 855-863.

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