奶牛产乳热影响因子及预防措施

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.09.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 产乳热是奶牛产犊后泌乳造成血钙水平下降而引发的营养代谢性疾病，其发生病率非常高，对奶牛健康和生产性能影响较大。产乳热增加了奶牛生育性炎症、生殖障碍和内分泌、消化等方面疾病发生的几率，对养殖业造成很大的损失。影响奶牛产乳热的因素有很多，不仅包括奶牛品种、年龄、体况评分、产乳热史等牛自身因子，也包括饲养管理层面的因素，如泌乳天数、干奶期、产犊间隔的控制及奶牛饲料营养水平的调控，还与气候、环境等外界因素相关，这些影响因子往往相互交织，增加了奶牛产乳热的预防和治疗难度。作者综述了奶牛产乳热的发病机理，分析研究了各种因子对奶牛产乳热的影响机制，并介绍了几种预防措施，主要包括对奶牛饲养环境的管理、产犊间隔和泌乳情况的控制和奶牛不同阶段饲料营养水平的调控，以期为降低奶牛产乳热提供理论依据。

关键词: 奶牛; 产乳热; 影响因子; 预防措施

Abstract: Milk fever is a nutritional metabolic disease caused by the decrease of blood calcium level at cow’s lactation stage, which has a great impact on the health and production performance. It increases the risk of reproductive inflammation, reproductive disorders and endocrine, digestion and other diseases in cows, causing great losses to the farming industry. There are many factors that affect milk fever in cows, including breed, age, physical condition scores, previous case of milk fever and other factors. Besides, the influence factors of feeding management containing previous lactation length, dry period length, calving interval and the control of cow feed nutrition level, and external factors such as climate and environment, also affect the incidence rate of milk fever. These factors often intertwined with each other, increasing the difficulty of prevention and treatment of milk fever in dairy cows. This paper summarized the pathogenesis of milk fever in cows, analyzed the mechanism of influence of various factors on milk fever in cows, and introduced several methods to prevent and control milk fever in cows. It mainly included the management of dairy farming environment, the control of the interval and lactation of cows, and the regulation of feed nutrition levels at different stages of cows, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing milk fever in cows.

Key words: cows; milk fever; influencing factors; precautions

中图分类号:

S858.23

石芳权, 王辉, 张帆, 熊本海. 奶牛产乳热影响因子及预防措施[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(9): 3254-3263.

SHI Fangquan, WANG Hui, ZHANG Fan, XIONG Benhai. Influencing Factors and Preventive Measures of Milk Fever in Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(9): 3254-3263.

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