荷斯坦牛泌乳速度指标影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.09.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究荷斯坦牛泌乳速度相关指标的群体规律及非遗传因素对其的影响。【方法】收集华东地区某规模化牧场8 757头泌乳牛的906 748条挤奶记录，定义了班次产奶量、前两分钟产奶量、挤奶时间、前两分钟产奶量占比、平均流速和最高流速6个泌乳速度指标，并对其进行了描述性统计，计算了各指标间的Pearson相关系数，采用固定模型分析了测定季节、胎次、泌乳阶段、初产月龄和挤奶班次对泌乳速度相关指标的影响。【结果】 6个泌乳速度指标中，除前两分钟产奶量占比之外，班次产奶量、前两分钟产奶量、挤奶时间、平均流速和最高流速均基本呈对称分布，各个指标的变异较大，变异系数在30%左右；各指标两两之间存在极显著相关关系，相关系数在-0.84~0.89之间，泌乳速度与产奶量呈中等或强相关，与挤奶时间呈弱负相关，与前两分钟产奶量占比呈弱正相关。测定季节、胎次、泌乳阶段、初产月龄和挤奶班次对泌乳速度指标均有极显著影响（P<0.01）；不同季节中，冬季的班次产奶量和挤奶时间最大，夏季的平均流速最快，而秋季的最高流速最快；不同泌乳阶段中，在第Ⅱ泌乳阶段（45~99 d），奶牛的班次产奶量、挤奶时间、平均流速和最高流速均最大；不同班次中，在夜间班次（00：00—06：00），奶牛的班次产奶量、挤奶时间、平均流速和最高流速均为最大。【结论】奶牛泌乳速度指标存在较大变异，对季节、胎次等环境和生理因素较为敏感，可为奶牛产奶性能的选育提供信息。

关键词: 奶牛; 泌乳速度; 平均流速; 挤奶时间

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the population characteristics of milking speed indicators of Holstein cows and the influence of non genetic factors on them.【Method】 In this study, a total of 906 748 milking records from 8 757 dairy cows in a large-scale dairy farm in East China were collected.Six milking speed indicators were defined, including single milking yield (SMY), milk yield in first two minutes (MIN2), milking time (DUR), the proportion of MIN2 to SMY(PMY2), average flow rate (AMF) and the peak of flow rate (PMF).Subsequently, descriptive statistics of the above mentioned six indicators were obtained, and the Pearson correlations among these indicators were calculated.Furthermore, the impacts of season, parity, lactation stage, first calving age and milking shift on milking speed indicators were analyzed using a fixed model.【Result】 Among the six milking speed indicators, except for PMY2, the frequency distribution of SMY, MIN2, DUR, AMF and PMF were approximately normal distribution, and each indicator had a relatively large variation with the variation coefficient of about 30%.There were significant correlations among six milking speed indicators, and the coefficients ranged from -0.84 to 0.89.The milking speed was moderately or strongly correlated with milk yield, weakly negatively correlated with milking time, and weakly positively correlated with PMY2.It was found that season, parity, lactation stage, age of first calving and milking shift had highly significant impacted on milking speed indicators(P<0.01).Among different seasons, SMY and DUR in winter were the largest, AMF in summer and PMF in autumn were the highest.Among different lactation stages, SMY, DUR, AMF and PMF in the second lactation stage(45-99 d) were the largest.Among different milking shifts, SMY, DUR, AMF and PMF at night shifts (00:00-06:00) of dairy cows were the highest.【Conclusion】 The milking speed indicator with large variation was sensitive to physiological and environmental changes, which could provide useful information for selection of milk production performance.

Key words: dairy cows; milking speed; average flow rate; milking time

中图分类号:

S813

纪皓楠, 高清, 常瑶, 张海亮, 吴宏军, 柴河, 俞英, 王雅春. 荷斯坦牛泌乳速度指标影响因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(9): 3475-3483.

JI Haonan, GAO Qing, CHANG Yao, ZHANG Hailiang, WU Hongjun, CHAI He, YU Ying, WANG Yachun. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Milking Speed Indicators in Holstein Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(9): 3475-3483.

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